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Codecision and institutional change
In: Peace research abstracts journal, Volume 44, Issue 5, p. 285-288
ISSN: 0031-3599
Legislate or delegate? Bargaining over implementation and legislative authority in the EU
In: Peace research abstracts journal, Volume 44, Issue 5, p. 338
ISSN: 0031-3599
European Journal of Physics / Stability of democracies : a complex systems perspective
The idea that democracy is under threat, after being largely dormant for at least 40 years, is looming increasingly large in public discourse. Complex systems theory offers a range of powerful new tools to analyse the stability of social institutions in general, and democracy in particular. What makes a democracy stable? And which processes potentially lead to instability of a democratic system? This paper offers a complex systems perspective on this question, informed by areas of the mathematical, natural, and social sciences. We explain the meaning of the term 'stability' in different disciplines and discuss how laws, rules, and regulations, but also norms, conventions, and expectations are decisive for the stability of a social institution such as democracy. ; (VLID)3386160
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European Journal of Physics / Stability of democracies: a complex systems perspective
The idea that democracy is under threat, after being largely dormant for at least 40 years, is looming increasingly large in public discourse. Complex systems theory offers a range of powerful new tools to analyse the stability of social institutions in general, and democracy in particular. What makes a democracy stable? And which processes potentially lead to instability of a democratic system? This paper offers a complex systems perspective on this question, informed by areas of the mathematical, natural, and social sciences. We explain the meaning of the term 'stability' in different disciplines and discuss how laws, rules, and regulations, but also norms, conventions, and expectations are decisive for the stability of a social institution such as democracy. ; (VLID)5753580
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What science can do for democracy – A complexity science approach
In: Eliassi-rad , T , Farrell , H , Garcia , DA , Lewandowsky , S , Palacios , P , Ross , D A , Sornette , D , Thebault , K P Y & Wiesner , K 2020 , ' What science can do for democracy – A complexity science approach ' , Humanities & Social Sciences Communications , vol. 7 , no. 30 . https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0518-0
Political scientists have conventionally assumed that achieving democracy is a one-way ratchet. Only very recently has the question of 'democratic backsliding' attracted any research attention. We argue that democratic instability is best understood with tools from complexity science. The explanatory power of complexity science arises from several features of complex systems. Their relevance in the context of democracy is discussed. Several policy recommen- dations are offered to help (re)stabilize current systems of representative democracy.
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Stability of democracies:A complex systems perspective
In: Wiesner , K , Birdi , A , Eliassi-Rad , T , Farrell , H , Garcia , D , Lewandowsky , S , Palacios , P , Ross , D , Sornette , D & Thébault , K P Y 2019 , ' Stability of democracies : A complex systems perspective ' , European Journal of Physics , vol. 40 , no. 1 , 014002 . https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aaeb4d
The idea that democracy is under threat, after being largely dormant for at least 40 years, is looming increasingly large in public discourse. Complex systems theory offers a range of powerful new tools to analyse the stability of social institutions in general, and democracy in particular. What makes a democracy stable? And which processes potentially lead to instability of a democratic system? This paper offers a complex systems perspective on this question, informed by areas of the mathematical, natural, and social sciences. We explain the meaning of the term 'stability' in different disciplines and discuss how laws, rules, and regulations, but also norms, conventions, and expectations are decisive for the stability of a social institution such as democracy.
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Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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