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The relationship between migration, development and remittances in Lesotho has been exhaustively studied for the period up to 1990. This was an era when the vast majority of migrants from Lesotho were young men working on the South African gold mines and over 50 percent of households had a migrant mineworker. Since 1990, patterns of migration to South Africa have changed dramatically. The reconfiguration of migration between the two countries has had a marked impact on remittance flows to Lesotho. The central question addressed in this report is how the change in patterns of migration from and within Lesotho since 1990 has impacted on remittance flows and usage.

Changes in immigration policy and legislation have the power to shape and alter the gendering of migration in significant ways, and can have a dramatic effect on the lives and relationships of the men, women and families involved. In this paper, we examine the provisions of the new Immigration Act introduced in South Africa in 2002. The Act, which replaces the outdated Aliens Control Act of 1991, gives considerable cause for concern on gender grounds. Foremost, the Act entrenches a system of male-dominated regional labour migration that has its origins in the 19th-century discovery of gold and diamonds. The male bias in the work permit and other employment-based categories along with the limits to family reunification for those entering for work are likely in effect to discriminate against women to a greater extent than men. While similar gender concerns are common to most immigration policy regimes around the world, the particular circumstances of the South African case, where both skilled and unskilled migration streams are heavily male-dominated, makes them especially acute here. This paper contextualizes migration regimes in South Africa and examines in detail the likely implications of the new Immigration Act.

Die ländliche Arbeitslosigkeit erhöht sich durch die rückläufige Nachfrage der kommerziellen Farmer nach Landarbeitern. Diese müssen andere Möglichkeiten für ihren Lebensunterhalt finden. Hier bietet sich die Aquakultur, Fischzucht in kleinen Farmdämmen, als Möglichkeit an. Ein bereits bestehendes Projekt dieser Art im Westkap wurde daraufhin unter dem Gesichtspunkt evaluiert, ob es für die Bauern tatsächlich zu einer alternativen Einkommens- und preiswerten Proteinquelle geworden ist. Ergebnis: Im Prinzip, wenn die Empfehlungen der Projektleitung befolgt werden, hat das Projekt das Potential, zur Verbesserung der Lebenshaltung der Beteiligten beizutragen. Neben biotechnologischen und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten muß im Rahmen des Projekts aber auch sozio-politischen Gesichtspunkten genügend Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden. (DÜI-Hlb)