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We examined the relationships between dysfunctional attitudes, learned helplessness, and coping styles in a sample of 623 men with substance use disorders. We also explored the potential mediating effect of learned helplessness in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and
coping styles. Participants completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Learned Helplessness Scale, and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results revealed that male drug abusers demonstrated dysfunctional attitudes and learned helplessness. In addition, dysfunctional attitudes and learned helplessness
significantly predicted the coping styles of male drug abusers. However, although learned helplessness affected coping styles, it did not mediate the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and coping styles. Practical and theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.

AbstractThis paper explores relational benefits from Chinese customer's behavioural perspective, which is a valuable addition to the existing literature that focuses on the western cultural background. The findings of this research show that the relational benefits exist in the online shopping context. In addition to confidence benefit, special treatment benefit and social benefit that have been recognized in traditional services, a new benefit scale, honour benefit, is identified in this study. Empirical data from over 500 online consumers suggest that the relational benefits are becoming more and more important and can possibly turn into the sources of the new competitive advantage for the enterprise in the e‐business environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractThis study aims to assess the frequency and associated factors of surgical "near‐miss" incidents (NMIs) in neurosurgery using an event reporting system, to inform the development of appropriate interventions. This retrospective study collected reports of NMIs in our hospital's neurosurgery operating room (OR) from January 2019 to January 2022 through an adverse event reporting system and anonymous surveys. We conducted intergroup difference analysis using t‐tests and investigated factors contributing to NMIs using Pearson correlation coefficients. We further constructed multinomial logistic regression models to explore the important factors affecting the types of lost objects and search times. A total of 195 NMIs were included in this study, with the primary items lost being 62 brain cotton pads and 133 needles. Statistical analysis revealed that smaller pads (48.4%) and size 3.0 needles (49.6%) were the most commonly missed items, with the longest retrieval times. The likelihood of NMIs occurring was higher for nurses with junior and/or non‐neurosurgical backgrounds (needles: 82.7%, pads: 83.9%). Furthermore, factors such as extended working hours, nighttime surgeries, larger incisions, and more surgical instruments all increased the incidence of NMIs. The results of the multinomial logistic regression model showed that the type and search time for lost needles in the OR were jointly influenced by multiple factors (p < 0.05) compared to cotton pads. The occurrence of NMIs is associated with various factors. Reporting NMIs and their causes helps identify solutions before adverse events occur, thereby enhancing patient safety.

As the result of the ecological impacts from the use of tributyltins (TBT) in shipping, environmental legislation for the registration of chemicals for use in the environment has grown to a monumental challenge requiring product dossiers to include information on the environmental fate and behavior of any chemicals. Specifically, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, collectively known as PBT, are properties of concern in the assessment of chemicals. However, existing measurements of PBT properties are a cumbersome and expensive process, and thus not applied in the early stages of the product discovery and development. Inexpensive methods for preliminary PBT screening would minimize risks arising with the subsequent registration of products. In this article, we evaluated the PBT properties of compounds reported to possess anti-fouling properties using QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) prediction programs such as BIOWIN™ (a biodegradation probability program), KOWWIN™ (log octanol-water partition coefficient calculation program) and ECOSAR™ (Ecological Structure Activity Relationship Programme). The analyses identified some small (Mr < 400) synthetic and natural products as potential candidates for environmentally benign biocides. We aim to demonstrate that while these methods of estimation have limitations, when applied with discretion, they are powerful tools useful in the early stages of research for compound selection for further development as anti-foulants.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic values of the N-terminal peptide of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) and the N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in severe trauma patients developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Out of the 126 severe trauma patients that were admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region between January 2009 and December 2011, 26 patients with multiple injuries and an injury severity score (ISS) of >16 points were included in the study. The MODS score was calculated on admission as well as 24, 48 and 72 h after the injury. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A consisted of patients with minor signs of organ dysfunction (MODS score, ≤4 points) and group B of patients with major organ dysfunction (MODS score, >4 points). Venous blood (5 ml) was extracted from the patients on admission and 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the injury. The Elecsys proBNP® and proANP® assays were used to determine the NT-proBNP and NT-proANP levels, respectively. The changes in the levels of C-reactive protein, white blood cells and neutrophils were detected and analyzed on admission. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores and ISSs were collected 72 h after the injury. The hemodynamic monitoring of cardiac index (CI) was performed using The Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output system. The serum NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations were elevated in all 26 patients. Upon admission, the serum NT-proANP and NT-proBNP values were 637.3±8.9 and 137.3±8.9 pmol/l, respectively, in group A and 1,185.0±7.2 and 185.0±7.2 pmol/l, respectively, in group B. The NT-proANP and NT-proBNP levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B at all subsequent time-points (P<0.001). By contrast, the CI in group A was significantly higher than that in group B at all time-points (P<0.001). An inverse correlation was observed between the NT-proANP or NT-proBNP ...