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The Policies and Politics of Pope Pius XII delves into the diplomacy of the most controversial pope of the twentieth century: Pius XII (pontificate, 1939-1958), Advocate of Appeasement to some and Apostle of Peace to others. Disagreement prevails on his quest for peace, recourse to impartiality during the Second World War, and relative public silence during the Holocaust. His abandonment of impartiality to play a prominent role in the Cold War has contributed to the charges and counter-charges leading to what has been deemed the Pius War. Unfortunately, a good deal of the literature published

1. Introduction: Rome and the powers in the modern age -- 2. The papacy between revolutionary upheaval and restoration, 1789-1849 -- 3. Rome grapples with liberalism, nationalism, and sectionalism, 1849-1878 -- 4. The papacy confronts social issues, modernism, and international relations, 1878-1914 -- 5. Benedict XV, the World War, and the League of Nations, 1914-1922 -- 6. The Vatican in an age of dictatorship, totalitarianism, and anti-Semitism, 1922-1939 -- 7. The Vatican's "impartiality," "silence," and "internationalism" during World War II and beyond -- 8. The papacy and the cold war: the confrontation between Catholicism and communism -- 9. The Second Vatican Council, aggiornamento, and papal accommodation with the modern world, 1958-1978 -- 10. The contemporary papacy, shuttle diplomacy, and the collapse of communism, 1978-2003 -- 11. Quo vadis Benedict XVI? -- 12. Conclusion: continuity and change in papal policy

Papal Anti-Judaism in theory and practice over the millenia -- Anti-Judaism in the church : from the French Revolution to the mid-nineteenth century -- Pio Nono and the Jews : from reform to reaction, 1846-1878 -- Anti-Judaism in an age of anti-Semitism, 1878-1922 -- Pius XI and the Jews in an age of dictators, 1922-1939 -- The "silence" of Pius XII and his crusade against communism -- John XXIII, Paul VI, and Vatican II : aggiornamento and the new relationship between Catholics and Jews -- Apology and reconciliation : John Paul II confronts the church's anti-Judaic past and the Holocaust

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction - John K. Zeender -- Napoleon, the Concordat of 1801, and Its Consequences - William Roberts -- Mussolini and the Concordat of 1929 - Frank J. Coppa -- The Reich Concordat of 1933, The Church Struggle Against Nazi Germany - Joseph A. Biesinger -- Three Controversial Concordats: A Commentary - Stewart A. Stehlin -- Appendix - Texts of the Concordats -- Bibliography -- Index.

Chicago, 1880-2000, the author establishes a clear relationship between education, politics, and corporate influence on school reform, a relationship long neglected by educational research. The 1980s brought school policies that reflected the variety of special interests coming out of the office of the mayor, and in the 1990s the business interest, to achieve its agenda, installed the mayor as head of the Chicago school system.

Specifically, the Institute of Justice endorsed the reformers' 'Main Street' approach, and the attorney for the Institute of Justice said his law office would represent property owners if the city pursued eminent domain.