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A survey of ESL in Auckland, New Zealand, in the light of the pervasive restructuring of society and education in the last 15 years finds that the lives of adult immigrants are difficult and precarious. Many realize their previous training and experience are unsuitable for their chosen occupations, and so they have to make drastic career changes. Their main contact with fluent English is largely limited to ESL classes rather than the English environment around them. New Zealand government immigration policies seem opportunistic and discriminatory. Institutions face difficulties in funding some ESL programs and so encounter problems in planning and continuity. ; A Auckland, en Nouvelle Zelande, une etude de ALS dans le contexte d'une restructuration profonde de La societe et l'education depuis les 15 dernieres annees a revele que La vie des immigrants adultes y est difficile et precaire. Plusieurs parmi eux se rendent compte que leur formation et leurs experiences anterieures sont mal adaptees a leur profession et qu'ils doivent donc entreprendre des changements de carriere radicaux. Leur contact le plus important avec l'anglais courant s'effectue le plus souvent en salle de classe ALS plutot que dans l'environnement anglais ou ils vivent. Les politiques sur l'immigration du gouvernement de La Nouvelle Zelande semblent opportunistes et discriminatoires. Les problemes de financement relatifs acertains programmes ALS que connaissent les institutions rendent difficiles La planification et La continuite.

AbstractThis article describes a system dynamics analysis of the 1992 Westray mine disaster in Nova Scotia, Canada. It examines the causal structure of the Westray system, including relationships that could have led to conditions that caused the fatal explosion at the mine. The value of simulation is its ability to capture a "mental model" of the safety system, which can stimulate discussion among safety experts as to the systemic causes of a disaster. By taking into account feedback loops and non‐linear relationships, which is not possible with conventional root‐cause analysis, a dynamic model of the system provides insights into the complex web of causes that can lead to disaster and valuable lessons for organizational learning. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract: Violence in British jails is increasing. Explanations of this rise are often couched in terms of the psychological characteristics of the perpetrators. This paper argues that the characteristics of the regime have a significant role in the etiology of violent incidents. The evidence relating to violent incidents in prisons, special hospitals and secure units is reviewed. It is concluded that regimes which allow more inmate participation, increased contact with the outside world and which are operated by more highly trained prison officers, are likely to have a positive effect on the rising tide of violence in British jails.

Abstract: Within Scotland the procurator fiscal decides whether to prosecute individuals accused of committing crimes and offences. A new 'diversion' scheme has been developed whereby alleged offenders can be offered treatment in lieu of prosecution. The evolution and operation of the scheme based at the Douglas Inch Centre in Glasgow is described. The type of offenders referred to the scheme is examined. The policy issues raised by the scheme are analysed in detail.

The history, taxonomy, distribution, habitat and cultivation requirements of Strophanthus sarmentosus DC. (Apocynaceae), an African liana, are discussed; illustrations and a full description of the species are provided.

A brief account of the relationships, origin, uses and cultivation of the coconut, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) are provided together with a detailed description and illustration.