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Intro -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 The Need to Improve Quality of Care in India's Family Planning -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Quality of Care is Critical in Family Planning -- 1.3 Need to Accelerate Improvements in Quality of Care in Family Planning -- 1.4 Description of the Project -- 1.5 Approach for Developing Background Paper -- References -- 2 What is Quality? Quality of Care Frameworks -- Abstract -- 2.1 Donabedian's Quality of Care Framework -- 2.2 Quality Improvement in the Health Sector -- 2.2.1 Measurement of Quality -- 2.2.2 Quality Improvement -- 2.3 Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health: Strategy and Quality of Care -- 2.4 National Quality Assurance Programme -- 2.5 Quality of Care Frameworks for Family Planning -- 2.6 Rights of Clients and Providers -- 2.7 Quality of Care as a Right of Clients -- 2.8 Incorporating Health System and Community Influences in Quality of Care Framework -- 2.9 A Proposed Comprehensive Framework for Interventions to Improve Quality of Care -- References -- 3 Steps Taken by the Government of India to Improve Quality of Care -- Abstract -- 3.1 Guidelines Developed by the Government of India to Ensure Quality in Family Planning Service Delivery -- 3.2 Family Planning Indemnity Scheme -- 3.3 Quality Assurance Committees -- 3.4 Expanding Contraceptive Choice and Improving Access -- 3.5 Improving Quality of Care in Government Service Delivery with Support from NGOs and Development Partners -- 3.5.1 Strengthening Systems -- 3.5.1.1 Quality of Care Through Quality Assurance Systems: The Government of Maharashtra Experience -- 3.5.1.2 Reproductive Health Commodities Logistics Management Information System: Streamlining the Supply Chain for Contraceptives in Odisha.

In this book the authors review initiatives in improving the quality of care for family planning in India and bring them to the broader forum of policy-level discussions. The global Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) framework argues for voluntary rights-based family planning programmes. The rights-based approach builds on the bedrock of quality of care, which means listening to what women want, treating individuals with dignity and respect and ensuring that everyone has access to full information and high quality care. Improving the quality of care in family planning services in a country like India is crucial from individual, national and global considerations. This book critically discusses and evaluates the various interventions undertaken so far and the reasons for success and failure. It also synthesizes current research studies in India, identifies gaps and presents a research agenda to bridge this gap and accelerate progress towards improving quality of care in family planning. It presents a comprehensive framework that underscores the importance of health systems and community environments in creating enabling, motivating and empowering roles for providers and clients. The examples and perspectives presented in this book make a strong case for adoption into policy frameworks and scaling up of quality of care efforts, and identifying research priorities for strengthening the response to family planning. This book greatly contributes towards enhancing the quality of family planning care at the grass-roots level in low resource settings and is of interest to researchers and practitioners of public health, particularly community health, maternal and child health, and social work.

The study surveyed 1255 (Male = 847, Female = 408) University students who are pursuing professional courses. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to identify the relationship between Gender, Locus of control (LOC) and whether students consider government long term policies as a support to start their own business with Entrepreneurial Intensity of Students. Entrepreneurial intensity captures the combined effect of degree (proactiveness, innovativeness and risk taking) and frequency (number of times entrepreneurial act is repeated) of entrepreneurship. It was found that type of locus of control (internal or external) differs significantly on Proactiveness, frequency of entrepreneurship, innovativeness and Entrepreneurial Intensity of students. It was also found that if students consider government long term policies as support to start their business; they differ significantly on Entrepreneurial Intensity (both degree and frequency of entrepreneurship).