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Contemporary literature on technological choice in less developed countries is often concerned with identifying appropriate technologies for industrialization strategies. Techniques that make optimum use of local resources while maximizing social welfare are now thought more appropriate than advanced techniques with their high capital costs & minimal job creation. Ghana is one country that has pledged itself to fostering small-scale Ru industries that use appropriate technologies. Because there is, at present, little information on which effective policies can be based, an attempt is made to provide detailed information for one such industry -- narrow-loom weaving -- focusing attention on the technology & organization of the craft & the problems inherent in attempting to improve it. The data are derived from fieldwork in a group of weaving villages near Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The households in one such village were enumerated & all resident full-time weavers surveyed using both a precoded, structured questionnaire & informal, open-ended interviews (N = 145). The major problem faced by weavers in the area is not technology or markets, but the cost & availability of raw materials, which can only be solved by governmental action. The relevance of this study to Ghana's policy of fostering Ru industries is discussed, suggesting that specific government policy toward such industries is needed, but that even more important are the government's general policies on Ru investment & technological choice. If these neglect Ru development & show a continued bias toward advanced technologies, then Ru industries using traditional techniques will inevitably disappear. 1 Table, 3 Photographs. Modified AA.

AbstractCan the same person be responsible for evaluation and implementation? What are the limits of self‐evaluation?

Only a few studies have disaggregated homicide rates by relationship type or gender, with little investigation of homicide trends in adult marital and other intimate relationships. The current study documents patterns of homicide between opposite gender relational partners for the twelve years of 1976 through 1987 based on Supplementary Homicide Report Data, comparing rates between couples in marital and nonmarital relationships. Analyses reveal that the homicide rate for married couples declined somewhat during this period, although the drop in the rate of wives killing husbands was greater than the drop in the rate of husbands killing wives. However, homicides involving unmarried couples followed a very different pattern. Whereas the lethal victimization rate for men in unmarried relationships varied unsystematically over time from 1976 through 1987, the rate of unmarried women being killed by their male partners increased significantly. Findings demonstrate the importance of disaggregating homicide data by gender and relationship type so that crucial differences can be detected.