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Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

The disintegration of the USSR, and of the communist system, in the last decade of the twentieth century, the rekindling of ethnic strife, and scholarly research into nationalism – all have renewed interest in the images that different ethnic and religious groups in eastern Europe have had of each other. In this context, the image of Jewishness has been of particular importance, both in political science and in history. An adequate analysis of ideas about Jewishness requires access to numerous mass sources. However, the number of sources available for this kind of enquiry is limited, compared, for instance, to the sources open for traditional Hebrew studies. This is especially true when we speak about the periods of autocracy and dictatorship. Both the Russian Empire and the USSR had – besides periods of overt anti-Semitism – a tradition of hidden anti-Semitism. The hidden and unofficial nature of this prejudice would not allow for mass opinion polls on anti-Semitism before the fall of the USSR.

Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union ; Russian version of CARIM-East 2013/148

Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union ; Russian version of CARIM-East 2012/113

The blatant evidence of the rural nature of the way of life in Russia became the reason for the actualization of the agrarian issue in the political projects of the empire, and also gave rise to a significant number of interpreters and projectors in the educated strata of society who labored in the field of rural life "improvement", which, since the time of the Great Reforms, has become a kind of a national hobby, which constituted the trend of the discursive formation of domestic modernization. Liberals and guards, writers and engineers suddenly felt the need to either take (Marx & Engels): ". a significant part of the population from the idiocy of village life", or include (Trotsky) "the peasant in the general system of socialist economy". However, ".a fatal blow to agricultural backwardness, the barbaric isolation of the peasant and the idiocy of village life" was still assumed in the finale (Trotsky).