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Abstrak: Pernikahan beda agama terjadi sebagai suatu realitas yang tidak dapat dipungkiri. Ada berbagai macam alasan mengapa pernikahan beda agama semakin meningkat jumlahnya, yaitu meningkatnya mobilitas penduduk yang memungkinkan mereka untuk berinteraksi dengan orang y ang berlatarbelakang berbeda dan meningkatnya toleransi serta penerimaan antar pemeluk agama yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. 1) Menganalisis pernikahan beda agama yang sering terjadi di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor Kecamatan Gajah Mungkur Kota Semarang. 2) Menganalisis pola perlakuan pasangan beda agama terhadap anak. 3) Menganalisis implikasi pernikahan beda agama terhadap pola asuh anak. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dil akukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya untuk menguji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. 1) Pernikahan beda agama merupakan hal biasa yang dilakukan masyarakat di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor yang disebabkan oleh hubungan asmara yang mendalam, menikah beda agama di luar negeri karena ekonomi mendukung, pendatang baru (menikah di wilayah lain lalu pindah dan menetap di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor), dan hal biasa yang dilakukan oleh pihak keluarga. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori sosial Piere Bourdieu tentang habitus. Namun walaupun sudah menjad i kebiasaan, pernikahan beda agama tetap tidak sesuai dengan hukum agama maupun hukum negara di Indo nesia, sehingga penyusupan yang dilakukan bagi pasangan yang menikah termasuk ke dalam pelanggaran terhadap Undang-Undang. 2) Pola perlakuan pasangan beda agama terhadap anak di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor lebih cenderung pada pola perlakuan acceptance (penerimaan) dan permissiveness (pembolehan). 3) Pola asuh yang diterapkan pasangan beda agama lebih cenderung pada pola asuh demokratis, yang berdampak positif terhadap perkembangan anak.Kata Kunci: Child; Interfaith ...

Abstrak: Pernikahan beda agama terjadi sebagai suatu realitas yang tidak dapat dipungkiri. Ada berbagai macam alasan mengapa pernikahan beda agama semakin meningkat jumlahnya, yaitu meningkatnya mobilitas penduduk yang memungkinkan mereka untuk berinteraksi dengan orang y ang berlatarbelakang berbeda dan meningkatnya toleransi serta penerimaan antar pemeluk agama yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. 1) Menganalisis pernikahan beda agama yang sering terjadi di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor Kecamatan Gajah Mungkur Kota Semarang. 2) Menganalisis pola perlakuan pasangan beda agama terhadap anak. 3) Menganalisis implikasi pernikahan beda agama terhadap pola asuh anak. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dil akukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya untuk menguji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. 1) Pernikahan beda agama merupakan hal biasa yang dilakukan masyarakat di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor yang disebabkan oleh hubungan asmara yang mendalam, menikah beda agama di luar negeri karena ekonomi mendukung, pendatang baru (menikah di wilayah lain lalu pindah dan menetap di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor), dan hal biasa yang dilakukan oleh pihak keluarga. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori sosial Piere Bourdieu tentang habitus. Namun walaupun sudah menjad i kebiasaan, pernikahan beda agama tetap tidak sesuai dengan hukum agama maupun hukum negara di Indo nesia, sehingga penyusupan yang dilakukan bagi pasangan yang menikah termasuk ke dalam pelanggaran terhadap Undang-Undang. 2) Pola perlakuan pasangan beda agama terhadap anak di Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor lebih cenderung pada pola perlakuan acceptance (penerimaan) dan permissiveness (pembolehan). 3) Pola asuh yang diterapkan pasangan beda agama lebih cenderung pada pola asuh demokratis, yang berdampak positif terhadap perkembangan anak.

Media has been playing vital role in shaping the behavior of children since many centuries. Many children are seen copying and imitating the roles of their favorite cartoon character, and thinking it heroic to act violent. The children are seen acting exactly like the television characters. Is in the human nature to get influenced and inspired by the people they love. Today media is playing important roles in the lives of individuals. Portrayal of aggression, violence, destruction, riots effects individuals in different ways. This issue is becoming an alarming public health hazard. This study tries to find out the relationship between exposure to violent media and the likelihood of developing aggressive behaviors in children.

Even though in the last decade, there has been a considerable increase in the prevalence of intellectual disability in Pakistan, there is scarcity of indigenous standardized diagnostic questionnaire for intellectual disability. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the Indigenous Diagnostic Questionnaire of Intellectual Disability (IDQID) [1]designed in accordance with the Pakistani society's norms. IDQID was designed to diagnose intellectual disability for 6-18 years old. Mixed method research design was used in the development and content validation phase. Purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants for expert panel review (n=10). Content validity index was used to assess the relevance and representativeness of the questionnaire. The scale level content validity index by averaging calculation method and by universal agreement method was 0.87 and 0.209 respectively. A total of 168 items with I-CVI greater than or equal to 0.78 were retained. Given the time efficient, cost effective and multidimensional nature of the questionnaire, mental health practitioners should use this questionnaire to evaluate intellectual disability in children.

The United States of America has a specific model of political system. It differs from other political systems due to its consistent separation of powers with a strong role of the president, and due to a stable traditional two-party political system. In order to understand the prospects for the development of new democracies, it is necessary to study the American presidential system and to look into experiences of American constitutionalism. The intention of this paper is not just to present the system to be implemented and then to expect desirable effects, but to understand that this successful model is the result of a long lasting fight for the respect of the Constitution and rights. This has been predicted and guided by the founders of the American Constitution, for whose outcome the most important was the democratic spirit of American man and American society. The basic method used in writing the paper is the historical method. In the study, the comparative method or the comparative law method was used and was of immeasurable importance. The application of the sociological method was also very important while writing the paper. The conclusions were presented emphasizing that the existing political institutions in the USA today are in direct connection with the institutions that preceded them in their long historical development, which testifies to their exceptional stability, because there are no essential changes in their physiognomy.

Abstract
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR), established in 2006, has been hailed as an innovative mechanism of the United Nations' Human Rights Council. The peer review mechanism assesses the human rights records of all UN Member States and provides recommendations to further the global promotion and protection of human rights. This article provides an analysis of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's third UPR in 2018 with a specific focus on the State's use of capital punishment. It explores the challenges faced by the UPR and issues recommendations to foster meaningful discourse, in the international community, to protect the right to life and engender change at the domestic level.

Reparations are widely understood as the process by which compensation is given or amends made for previous wrongdoing. In the context of the Caribbean, it may refer to official actions taken by former colonial powers to acknowledge and recompense states affected by colonialism and slavery. This paper seeks to analyse discussions of reparations in the region and consider how the lack of com- pensation may be perceived as demonstrating that modern power relations are merely repackaged propagations of imperialism. Fundamentally, this paper argues that the notion that colonisation was left behind in the 19th century with the abolition of slavery or mid-20th Century with the political indepen- dence of Caribbean nation-states is a facade and uses reparations discourse as the foremost example of such. This is demonstrated through the following questions: Why do reparations need to be paid? Why are they not being paid? And What needs to change?