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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of legal and regulatory instruments -- List of cases -- List of acronyms and abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- Notes for the reader -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. What is this book about? -- 1.2. Originality -- 1.3. Methodology: Socio-legal research -- 1.3.1. Library-based research -- 1.3.2. Qualitative research: Fieldwork study -- 1.3.3. Comparative legal research: Policy transfer -- 1.4. Outline of the book -- Bibliography -- 2. The phenomenon of corruption -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. What is corruption? Literature review -- 2.2.1. Corruption: An ill-defined concept -- 2.2.2. Patterns of corruption -- 2.2.3. The effects of corruption -- 2.2.4. Causes of corruption -- 2.3. Kuwait and corruption -- 2.3.1. Conceptualising corruption in Kuwait -- 2.3.2. Corruption patterns -- 2.3.3. Effects of corruption: The corruptiongovernance nexus -- 2.3.4. Causes of corruption -- 2.4. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3. Counter-corruption: Values and strategies -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Counter-corruption values -- 3.2.1. Legitimacy -- 3.2.2. Effectiveness -- 3.3. Counter-corruption strategies -- 3.3.1. Social empowerment -- 3.3.2. Law enforcement -- 3.3.3. Situational crime prevention (SCP) -- 3.4. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 4. Kuwaiti criminal counter-corruption measures -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. What is corruption in Kuwaiti law? Setting the scope of chapter -- 4.3. Current criminal counter-corruption measures -- 4.3.1. Bribery -- 4.3.2. Diversion of public funds -- 4.3.3. Abuse of function -- 4.3.4. Illicit enrichment offence (IEO) -- 4.3.5. Money laundering offence (ML Offence) -- 4.3.6. Proceeds of crime -- 4.3.7. Whistleblowing -- 4.4. Critique of the Kuwaiti criminal response to corruption and suggested reforms.