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The article examines the motivations for Master's students' choice of individual trajectories. In the course of their studies, the students' trajectories have educational, scientific and professional aspects. Educational, scientific and professional students' trajectories determine a system of interaction between master's students and other people in the context of educational process (teachers, other students) and beyond it (employers, research workers from Russian and foreign universities). The authors emphasize the importance of studying the master's students' individual trajectories from both scientific (identifying the peculiarities of students' trajectories formation and development) and practical points of view (investments to master's students to enhance the professional competence in the regional labour market). The authors have analysed the master's students' individual trajectories on the basis of monitoring data obtained from the survey carried out in February and December 2014. The master's students' assessments allowed to identify what educational experience they were able to get during the education and whether their experience met their expectations. The master's students' economic expectations are examined during the implementation of educational and professional trajectories. The analysis of the results has shown that the biggest gap between the expectations and the experience of the master's students was found according to the criteria related to the student's scientific trajectory and opportunities to participate in the internationalisation processes. The results of the research may be used to improve the master's programmes taking into account the revealed master's students' expectations, as well as to ensure highly qualified professionals in the labour market and for the effective investments to the human capital by the government authorities. ; Рассмотрены мотивации выбора магистрантами индивидуальных траекторий, которые включают различные аспекты образовательных, научных и профессиональных траекторий студентов в ходе получения магистерского образования. Проанализированы особенности формирования и развития образовательных траекторий студентов. ; The research has been supported by the Decree. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02. A03.21.0006.

Пандемия стала катализатором неизбежного процесса цифровизации коммуникаций, стремительно изменив организацию и технологии реализации профессиональной деятельности миллионов сотрудников по всему миру. Рост безработицы, перевод всех возможных профессиональных групп на дистанционную работу, обусловленные внешней необходимостью в изоляции для минимизации распространения в 2020 году Covid-19, ведут к радикальному изменению рынка труда. Поиск ответов на новые вызовы дерегуляции трудовых отношений возможен путем изучения процессов прекаризации на рынке труда. Научный интерес представляет изучение участия в этих процессах молодежи, которая восприимчива к социальным инновациям и обладает высокими компетенциями в информационных технологиях. Исследование профессиональных траекторий выпускников вузов, трудоустроенных в Уральском регионе и за его пределами, позволяет выявить, могут ли быть успешны формы прекарной занятости на рынке труда, каковы характеристики вовлеченных в эти формы социальных групп. Авторы используют мониторинг выпускников вуза 2017-2019 гг., проведенный на основе опросных и административных данных. Для обработки информации использованы методы классификации, экспертных оценок. Анализ показал, что 34,4 % выпускников вуза относятся к прекариату, из них лишь 8,8 % - безработные. Молодые специалисты, занятые в форме фриланса и в сфере IT-технологий, успешно трудоустроены, имеют высокие показатели трудоустройства по специальности, заработной плате, удовлетворенности работой. Результаты применимы для балансировки неустойчивой занятости и использования ее лучших практик, накопленных фрилансерами и специалистами в сфере IT-технологий, как социального инструмента регулирования трудовых отношений в сложной эпидемиологической ситуации. ; The Сovid-19 pandemic has catalysed the inevitable digitalisation of communications and rapidly changed the organisation and technologies of professional activities of millions of employees worldwide. The growth of unemployment, the transition of professional groups to remote work (wherever possible) due to the need for isolation to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in 2020 led to radical changes in the labour market. Studying the processes of precariation can facilitate the search for responses to new challenges related to deregulation of labour relations. We are interested in examining the participation of youth in these processes. Young population is receptive to social innovation and has excellent competencies in the field of information technology. An analysis of professional trajectories of university graduates (employed in the Ural region and beyond) helps identify whether precarious employment in the labour market can be successful, and determine the characteristics of social groups involved. We used the monitoring of university graduates conducted in 2017-2019 based on survey and administrative data. To process the data, we applied the methods of classification and expert evaluations. The analysis showed that 34.4 % of university graduates belong to the precariat, with only 8.8 % being unemployed. Young freelancers and IT-professionals are successfully employed, satisfied with their jobs and high salaries, demonstrating high rates of employment in their specialty. The results can be applied for balancing precarious work; its best practices, accumulated by freelancers and IT-professionals, can be used as a social tool for regulating labour relations in an unfavourable epidemiological situation. ; Исследование поддержано программой 211 Правительства Российской Федерации, контракт № 02.A03.21.0006. ; The article has been prepared with the support of the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, the contract No. 02.A03.21.0006.

The quality of human capital is a priority factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes. Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human capital formation. The article explores young professionals' career development six months after graduation. We analyse the characteristics of young professionals' occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of graduates' employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the results of the graduates' survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis, classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized significant impact of graduates' performance at the university and their training basis (fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates. Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their training to adapt themselves to the labour market. Fourthly, the financial and social success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialities, which are in demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates. Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree programmes, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals' unstable employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the development of the Ural region human potential. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Рассмотрены вопросы карьерных траекторий выпускников в контексте внутрирегионального социально-экономического развития субъектов. Проанализированы результаты трудоустройства выпускников Уральского региона и их заработные платы, а так же их образовательные характеристики. ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant N18-311-00175.

Modern socio-political and economic conditions create an urban environment characterized by high professional dynamism, political instability and unpredictable future. This factor generates uncertainty among young people in the desired future and the hope for a possible random success. At the same time, the desired future is associated with employment, which would provide a person with a decent life. Of course, the idea of a decent life changes with time. But in the most General sense it is a prestigious profession, material security, a sense of self-importance and comfort. For the development of the urban environment is certainly important not only the presence of high dynamics of professional activity, but also the presence of a strategy of professional development of young people, the projected professional development and forecasting of professional activity. ; Авторы статьи рассматривают проблему профессионального становления в ракурсе транспективы. В зависимости от изменения социально-экономических условий профессионального развития, смены ведущей деятельности авторы определяют и характеризуют несколько стадий становления, которые соотносятся с возрастными особенностями человека: стадия аморфной оптации, стадия профессиональной подготовки, стадия профессиональной адаптации, стадия первичной профессионализации, второй уровень профессионализации, акмепрофессионализм.