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В статье анализируется контингент татар-мусульман Пензенского региона по возрастному, половому, социальному и другим параметрам; характеризуется уровень религиозности и обрядность; состав пензенского мусульманского духовенства (возрастной критерий, уровень образования и т.д.), исследуется деятельность служителей исламского культа (организационное устройство, религиозная практика, элементы модернизации культа и т.д.), раскрываются основные направления советской государственно-религиозной политики в отношении ислама в 1940-1980-х гг. ; The article analyzes the contingent of Moslem Tatars of Penza region according to age, gender, social and to other parameters; the level of religiousness and rituals is characterized; the structure of Penza Muslim clergy (age, educational level, etc.), the activity of Islamic priests is investigated (organizational, religious practice, elements of modernization of the cult, etc.), the basic directions of the Soviet governmental religious politics as regards islam in 1940-1980s are revealed.

The article deals with the system of public education in the Orenburg Cossack army and Orenburg province in the pre-revolutionary period. This part of the paper analyzes the period of 1900−1913. Various statistical materials were used as sources. First of all, these are the documents of the Russian state historical archive (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) that were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Besides this, the address calendars and commemorative books of the Orenburg province for different years, as well as statistical reviews of the Orenburg province were attracted. The statistical method is widely used in this work. So, the authors made samples from a statistical array of various reporting documents: the number of military schools, muslim and parochial schools.