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Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. The Underdog -- 2. Erdogan's Turkey at a Glance -- 3. Conqueror of Kemalism -- 4. The Many Faces of Erdogan -- 5. Erdogan's Worst Enemy? -- 6. How Putin Won Erdogan's Heart-and How Obama Lost It -- 7. Between Putin and Biden -- 8. Democratic Tsunami -- 9. Erdogan's Game Plan -- 10. But Will He Succeed? -- 11. The Sultan's Legacy -- Index.

Gradually since 2003, Turkey's autocratic leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan has sought to make Turkey a great power -- in the tradition of past Turkish leaders from the late Ottoman sultans to Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Here the leading authority Soner Cagaptay, author of The New Sultan -- the first biography of President Erdogan -- provides a masterful overview of the power politics in the Middle East and Turkey's place in it. Erdogan has picked an unorthodox model in the context of recent Turkish history, attempting to cast his country as a stand-alone Middle Eastern power. In doing so Turkey has broken ranks with its traditional Western allies, including the United States and has embraced an imperial-style foreign policy which has aimed to restore Turkey's Ottoman-era reach into the Arabian Middle East and the Balkans. Today, in addition to a domestic crackdown on dissent and journalistic freedoms, driven by Erdogan's style of governance, Turkey faces a hostile world. Ankara has nearly no friends left in the Middle East, and it faces a threat from resurgent historic adversaries: Russia and Iran. Furthermore, Turkey cannot rely on the unconditional support of its traditional Western allies. Can Erdogan deliver Turkey back to safety? What are the risks that lie ahead for him, and his country? How can Turkey truly become a great power, fulfilling a dream shared by many Turks, the sultans, Ataturk, and Erdogan himself?

Introduction : rising Turkey and its challenges -- Turkey's new world -- Conservative Islam meets capitalism -- The military gets on board -- Is Turkish power myth or reality? -- Beyond Ottoman benevolence -- The other Turkey -- Can Turkey make it? -- Is there room for Turkey in the West? -- Lessons for America

Abstract. This article studies interwar Turkish nationalism from the perspective of Turkish citizenship policies. The interwar era witnessed the rise of a nationalist state in Turkey, as elsewhere in Eastern Europe. Ethnicist Turkish nationalism emerged as a political force in the 1930s. The study scrutinises the impact of this on Turkish nationalism. In doing this, it focuses on the practices of the Turkish state, especially the citizenship policies. Accordingly, the piece examines the role of ethnicity, religion and territory in Ankara's denaturalisation and naturalisation policies. It concludes that, despite the rise of ethnic nationalism, not ethnicity but the legacy of the millet system and ethno‐religious identities shaped Turkey's citizenship policies in the interwar period.