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Rareté de l'eau et conflits inter-étatiques Cette étude analyse le risque qu'un conflit survienne entre des pays partageant une même source d'approvisionnement en eau. Alors qu'une controverse subsiste sur la réalité qu'un tel conflit éclate, cette analyse montre qu'il existe un intervalle de négociation dont la taille dépend de la disponibilité de la ressource en eau ainsi que de l'asymétrie entre les pays en matière de capacité productive. Cet intervalle est assimilé à la probabilité qu'il y ait conflit autour de la ressource commune, celle étant décroissante avec la taille de l'intervalle de négociation. Nous montrons que cette probabilité augmente à mesure que la ressource se raréfie, ainsi que lorsque le degré d'asymétrie augmente. Lorsque cette hétérogénéité est extrêmement grande, il n'y a plus matière à coopérer. Etant donné la mise en évidence de cet intervalle, nous étudions la solution de marchandage « à la Nash » pour analyser l'allocation optimale en eau. Nous montrons que la quantité allouée est décroissante à mesure que la capacité productive du pays augmente.

Allen V. Kneese and F. Lee Brown, The Southwest Under Stress.Richard A. Berk, et al., Water Shortage.

Iran has a long history of effective and sustainable water resource management under arid and semi-arid conditions. However, today the country is faced with serious challenges in the water sector, including rising water demand and shortages, declining groundwater levels, deteriorating water quality, and increasing threats to the environment and various ecosystems. If these issues persist, tragedy will be the inevitable result. Over the last three decades tremendous efforts have been made to supply water, primarily through an extensive program of development, with dam building at the forefront. This paper offers an introduction to the different factors and elements influencing the water balance in today's Iran and presents a perspective on the trend of dam building in recent times.

This article develops an economic model to analyze how the risk of water shortages affects farmers' land irrigation decision and how the priority-based water sharing arrangement redistributes such a risk among farms with different water rights priorities. The analysis brings together an array of comprehensive data files on irrigation rights, water supplies, and agricultural land use from eastern Idaho. Results indicate that a more left-skewed distribution of streamflow significantly discourages land irrigation among farmers except the most senior rights holders. The priority-based water sharing arrangement redistributes the macroscale risk of water shortages and thus exposes farmers of different water rights priorities to heterogeneous levels of risk: senior water rights holders are affected the least and such a risk is instead passed mostly on to junior water rights holders. The role of water rights in risk redistribution is more significant when the probability distribution of water shortage risk is asymmetric rather than symmetric. The historical development pattern of water rights influences how the priority of water rights takes effect on land irrigation decision. ; IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; IFPRIOA; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply ; EPTD ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)

Global water shortage is one of the rising problems that, nowadays and worldwide, Countries and governments have to face. People from many countries have to deal with scarcity of water supply and aquifer pollution that could jeopardize their health and agriculture. Desalination process could be one of the most promising method to hinder such phenomenon. During this work we analyzed different desalination processes and the state of art of the technology. In this paper we carried on a deep evaluation of the state of art of desalination processes. Obviously all these methods need a driving force in terms of energy. With the aim of a more environmental friendly scenario, nuclear energy has been chosen as energy source for different desalination processes, implementing the so called nuclear desalination. Moreover a nuclear scenario analysis has been studied for the UAE (United Arab Emirates), one of the countries that have to deal with water shortage and that presents today an ambitious nuclear program.

Water shortage is a salient issue in the Middle East commonly overshadowed by more sensational topics such as the oil crisis and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. There is a debate among scholars as to whether water shortages in the Middle East will destabilize the region into armed conflict. Realists argue that non sustainable water sources will be the catalyst which will inevitably lead states to fight one another in a zero-sum game over limited water resources. Liberal Functionalists argue that there are precedents for multilateral cooperation and a technical approach may hold the key to providing solutions to the current water crisis. This research will examine three case studies from the Middle East region: the Jordan River Basin, the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin, and the Disi Aquifer on the border of Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Limited to a specific geographic region, these cases are indicative of water shortages that have or will become potential geostrategic centers for the water crisis. ; 2011-05-01 ; M.A. ; Sciences, Department of Political Science ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.