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Road safety is a global issue that has been given more attention in many countries. In tourist destinations, a high rate of car accidents could negatively influence the market image in tourism. Self-drive tourism has become popular in China in the past decade. Along with the rise of the self-drive travelling trend, New Zealand has become a popular destination that attracts thousands of Chinese self-drive tourists. However, the number of car crashes of Chinese self-drive tourists has gradually increased, which not only endangers tourists and locals but also impacts New Zealand's image in the Chinese market. New Zealand official reports show that the international drivers who come from right-side driving countries is the main at-fault group in international car accidents due to driving on the wrong side of the road and not obeying the 'Give Way' rules (Ministry of Transport, 2017). China is the second-largest inbound tourism market in New Zealand (Stats NZ, 2018), which brings huge economic benefit and promotes the development of tourism. However, the number of Chinese visitors in fatal or injury crashes in New Zealand ranked third with over 100 drivers in 2016 (Ministry of Transport, 2017), which negatively affects word-of-mouth advertising of New Zealand tourism in China. Therefore, understanding Chinese self-drive tourists' attitudes towards road safety in New Zealand is important. Ethnography is employed in this study to identify the themes and patterns of online reviews posted by the Chinese self-drive tourists who have been to New Zealand. The results showed most self-drive tourists were young and middle aged who travelled with their friends. Lacking tourist infrastructure, poor car condition, and the weather were found the main reasons for road accident. The findings of this qualitative study have provided implications for New Zealand tourism industry and the government in managing road safety of international tourists.

Bangladesh is a country with numerous natural attractions, which is the main product of tourism. Currently, the domestic tourism is increasing in Bangladesh rapidly, in which young tourists are the main contributors, as they have high interest and leisure time in exploring tourist destinations. Therefore, it has raised questions on the worthiness of carrying out a study about the attitude, travelling pattern, and the satisfaction level among the young Bangladeshis toward domestic tourism to analyze their contribution to Bangladeshi tourism industry. This study employed a survey questionnaire to collect data, which was adapted from standardized measures. A total of 571 respondents who has been randomly selected from Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, was involved in the study. The completed questionnaires were analyzed to measure the variables of the study and test the assumptions to achieve the objectives of the study. This study found that the travelling pattern and tour planning of the young tourists vary with regard to their occupation. In addition, the results of the study also portrayed their preferred destinations and activities in the tourist areas and their positive opinion regarding their travel experience. This study provides information to the policymakers, tourism service providers and researchers to satisfy their needs and foster the domestic tourism in Bangladesh.

Road safety is a global issue that has been given attention in many countries. In tourist destinations, a high rate of car accidents can negatively influence the tourism market image. Self-drive tourism has become popular in China in the past decade, and along with the rise of the self-drive travelling trend, New Zealand has become a popular destination, attracting thousands of Chinese self-drive tourists. However, the number of car crashes of Chinese self-drive tourists has gradually increased, which not only endangers tourists and locals but also impacts on New Zealand's image in the Chinese market. New Zealand official reports show that international drivers from right-side driving countries are the main at-fault group in international car accidents due to their driving on the wrong side of the road and not obeying 'Give Way' rules (Ministry of Transport, 2017). China is the second-largest inbound tourism market of New Zealand (Statistics New Zealand, 2018), brings significant economic benefits, and promotes the development of tourism. However, the number of Chinese visitors in fatal or injury crashes in New Zealand ranked third of international visitors' car crashes, which was over 100 drivers in 2016 (Ministry of Transport, 2017), negatively affecting word-of-mouth advertising of New Zealand tourism in China. Therefore, understanding Chinese self-drive tourists' attitudes towards road safety in New Zealand is important. Netnography is employed in this study to identify the themes and patterns in online reviews posted by Chinese self-drive tourists who visited New Zealand. The results showed most self-drive tourists were young or middle aged, and travelling with friends. A lack of tourism infrastructure, poor car condition, and bad weather, were the main reasons given for road accidents. The findings of this qualitative study have important implications for the New Zealand tourism industry and Government, in managing the road safety of international tourists.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to comparatively analyse explicit and implicit attitudes of visitors from sun and beach destinations towards two types of visual conservation messages: persuasive and prohibitive.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative empirical investigation of transversal section was carried out using a structured questionnaire. The geographic area of study is located in the Mexican Riviera Maya. The data was collected between the months of September 2016 to January 2017 from a total of 129 actual visitors of 12 different nationalities. Student t tests analyses were conducted to measure difference between explicit and implicit attitudes towards both types of messages.FindingsPersuasive visual messages of conservation shown to be effective at both, explicit and implicit, levels, while prohibitive ones were less effective than persuasive ones ay implicit level, corroborating that the persuasive messages are more effective than prohibitive ones, and that the implicit measurements tend to offer information that is not always revealed by explicit means.Practical implicationsResults can be exploited by those who are tasked with maintaining a delicate balance between tourism and the environment to achieve greater impact in developing the attitudes they need to show to their tourists, through the design and creation of persuasive conservation, even barrier, visual messages that are able to draw well to the visitors' subconscious and unconscious.Originality/valuePersuasive visual messages of conservation are produced to be effective at both explicit and implicit levels. However, inhibiting messages prove to be less effective with regard to persuasive messages at the implicit level, which reinforces that persuasive messages are more effective. Effective than the prohibitive ones and that the Implicit measurements offer information that is not always disclosed by explicit means. Persuasive messages aim at persuading and the recipient is not interested on the message. There is a possibility that the recipient will react negatively. Therefore, messages should be prepared using an indirect approach.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate and develop an integrated theoretical relationship by including destination image and attitudes into the quality-value-satisfaction-loyalty paradigm in the context of beach tourism.


Design/methodology/approach
A personal-administered survey was conducted using a convenient sampling technique to collect data from 601 tourists who had visited popular beach destinations in Bangladesh. Then, the structural relationships between the factors likely to affect tourist attitudes and loyalty were examined.


Findings
The findings reveal that both service quality and perceived values have a direct effect on destination image, tourist attitudes and satisfaction. Additionally, destination image and satisfaction significantly affect tourist attitudes and loyalty.


Research limitations/implications
The direct relationship of perceived service quality and perceived value with tourist loyalty was ignored in the model due to reporting consecutive indirect relationship between them in prior studies.


Practical implications
These findings contribute to the extension of theoretical and managerial knowledge, especially in a beach tourism setting, where little research has been done to investigate the proposed relationships.


Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in providing theoretical and empirical evidence regarding the effect of service quality and perceived value, especially on destination image and tourist attitude to behaviour in the loyalty model, which has been scarcely examined in the prior tourism literature.

This new edition incorporates studies carried out since the first edition published, as well as including and expanding key areas such as stakeholder perspective and concretion, the role of the experience setting in creating experience, and the connection between co-creation and subjective wellbeing.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Book Series -- About the Editors -- Table of Contents -- Contributions -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- 1. Relationship Management in Spa Tourism: An Approach to Cross-border Regions -- 2. The Contribution of Tourist Events to Local Development: A Case Study -- 3. Museum Visitor Experience in Sri Lanka (Special Reference to the Department of National Museums) -- 4. The Attitudes of Local Residents Toward Tourists in the Destination of Marmaris, Turkey -- 5. Luxury Brands: Creation and Sustainability -- 6. Influence of Social Media on Tourist Behavior: Indian Perspective -- 7. Mediating Role of Tourist Motivation and Participation with Satisfaction and Revisit Intention in Rishikesh, India -- 8. Changing Tourist Behavior with Growing Technology Usage: The Entry of Generation Z Tourists -- 9. Tourists' Attitudes toward Cultural Heritage: Pre- and Post-Visit Evaluation -- 10. Foodie Tourist Behavior -- 11. Impact of Mobile Applications and Internet of Things (IoT) in Halal Tourism -- 12. A Study on Perception and Revisiting Behavior of Tourists toward Heritage Tourism Destinations in Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu, India -- 13. The Relevance of Virtual Reality and Increased Reality in Events with Streaming and Livestreaming in Covid and Post-Covid-19 Era: A Touristic Perspective -- 14. Tourism Activities' Role on Destination Choice and Post-Visiting Behavior: Evidence from Istanbul as a Cultural Destination -- Index.

The tourism sector has been predicted as the second largest source of foreign exchange contribution in Indonesia, but the Covid-19 pandemic has made this sector sluggish. The government is making various efforts so that the tourism sector can return to normal. The millennial generation relatively bolder when traveling when compared to the previous generation. With the opening of tourism era of covid 19, the millennial generation will immediately carry out travel activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions and attitudes of millennial tourists towards tourism era of covid 19. The perception of millennial generation tourists focuses on risks when traveling. Attitude is an evacuation of belief in positive feelings or negative feelings from someone if they have to perform a behavior that will determine. The number of respondents in this study were 100 tourists. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The result of this study is that millennial tourists' perceptions of tourism in the new normal era prioritize the quality of health protocols both in hotels, restaurants, transportation, and in tourist attractions. Likewise, the attitude of millennial tourists towards tourism in the new normal era is more concerned about safety, health and cleanliness when traveling.

Post-visit attitude towards products or brands associated with destination countries is an important outcome variable overlooked in the tourism literature. Drawing upon associative network theory of memory, this study aims to contribute to the extant literature by testing tourist post-visit attitude as an outcome variable of tourism experience, in addition to destination loyalty. A conceptual model was developed and tested through a survey of Chinese tourists who have recently visited Britain. Results suggest that both tourist satisfaction of destination attributes and overall satisfaction influence post-visit product attitude. Tourism researchers could thus adopt a wider perspective to explore the influence of international tourist experiences by conceptualizing the destination country as a destination for tourism, investment, education and immigration, as well as a political partner. This paper concludes with a discussion of destination managerial and policy implications.

Mass tourism is widely regarded as one of the visible manifestations of globalization. Tourism development can be considered in every dimension of these processes: economic, social, cultural and even political. The high importance of tourism in the present global economy makes it a very popular research field, especially in the scope of economic dependence between tourism and globalization at the global or regional levels. Fully appreciating the achievements of research in this domain, the authors of this paper wish to refer to the scale of the unit and indicate how globalization impacts the individual purchasing decisions. The analysis is based on empirical studies within Polish tourist activity preferences. On the basis of these results the authors attempt to answer the following questions: (1) which tourists' attitudes may reveal the impact of globalization on their preferences and purchasing behaviors; (2) which 'mega-trends' of current tourism are visible in the attitude of Polish tourists; (3) are there differences in the model of tourist activity with reference to the sociodemographic features; (4) what is the spatial scope of preferred tourist destinations (i.e. is the compression of space as readily absorbed in the consciousness of the older population as in the younger?).