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Eine Automatisierung der Inspektion im Remanufacturing bietet die Möglichkeit, Kostenpotenziale zu erschließen. Dies lässt sich mittels robotergeführter optischer Messsysteme erreichen. In diesem Beitrag werden bestehende Ansätze vorgestellt und Herausforderungen für View-Planning-Ansätze diskutiert, welche sich aus den Besonderheiten des Remanufacturing heraus ergeben. Gleichzeitig werden Lösungsansätze für diese Problemstellungen an einem beispielhaften Anwendungsfall aufgezeigt.
 
Automating inspection in remanufacturing offers the possibility of exploiting cost potentials. This can be achieved by means of robot-based optical measuring systems. This paper discusses existing approaches and challenges for view-planning that arise from the special aspects of remanufacturing. At the same time, potential approaches to these problems are demonstrated using an exemplary use case.

Implementation of new environmental legislation and public awareness has increased the responsibility on manufacturers. These responsibilities have forced manufacturers to begin remanufacturing and recycling of their goods after they are disposed or returned by customers. Ever since the introduction of remanufacturing, it has been applied in many industries and sectors. The remanufacturing process involves many uncertainties like time, quantity, and quality of returned products. Returned products are time sensitive products and their value drops with time. Thus, the returned products need to be remanufactured quickly to generate the maximum revenue. Every year millions of electronic products return to the manufacturer. However, only 10% to 20% of the returned products pass through the remanufacturing process, and the remaining products are disposed in the landfills. Uncertainties like failure rate of the servers, buffer capacity and inappropriate preventive maintenance policy would be highly responsible the delays in remanufacturing. In this thesis, a simulation based experimental methodology is used to determine the optimal preventive maintenance frequency and buffer allocation in a remanufacturing line, which will help to reduce the cycle time and increase the profit of the firm. Moreover, an estimated relationship between preventive maintenance frequency and MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) is presented to determine the best preventive maintenance frequency for any industry. The solution approach is applied to a computer remanufacturing and a cell phone remanufacturing industry. Analysis of variance and regression analysis are performed to denote the influential factors in the remanufacturing line, and optimization is done by using the regression techniques and ANOVA results.

Increasing legislative and societal pressures are requiring manufacturers to operate more sustainably and to take responsibility for the fate of their goods after they have been used by consumers. This paper models a hybrid system in which new goods are produced and used goods are remanufactured. Newly produced goods and remanufactured goods are sold on separate markets, but can also act substitutes for each other. A semi-Markov Decision Process formulation of this problem is presented and is used to obtain an optimal policy, which specifies production, recovery and substitution decisions. The model is used explore the properties of this hybrid remanufacturing system, and in particular, the managerial implications associated with upward and downward substitution strategies are investigated.

Creates a framework for evaluating the marketing strategy
dimensions of remanufacturing. Discusses resource recapture and how
diffusion theory may be applied to the adoption of the
remanufacturing/remarketing concept. Concludes that the diffusion of
renovation will depend on the right firms having the right motivations
to adopt the concept of remanufacturing/remarketing.

This paper develops a planning system for depots remanufacturing components of defense assets, such as helicopters, armored cars, and so forth. These depots take in used assets, disassemble them, repair, upgrade and reassemble them to supply US troops and, occasionally, foreign military services of allied nations. Uncertainty in the supply of used components, the yield of good parts, and the demand for remanufactured products makes this a difficult process to manage. This article describes a multi-period material planning system for the process. It covers everything from collection to final delivery. The system is based on material requirements planning, a method familiar to many managers. It uses linear programming to develop purchase recommendations and to schedule the disassembly of the used components. The researcher held meetings with remanufacturing practitioners to set the system parameters and to evaluate the approach. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Remanufacturing has long been perceived as an environmentally-friendly initiative, and it is therefore sup- ported by a number of governments, in particular in Europe. Yet, the assumption that remanufacturing is desirable to society has never been systematically investigated. In this paper, we focus our attention on the electronics industry. In particular, we take a close look at remanufacturing within the personal computer and mobile phone industries. We investigate whether reman- ufacturing substantially reduces the environmental impact (as measured by energy intensity) created in the life cycles of these two products, or whether it only marginally contributes to such reduction. Furthermore, we investigate whether remanufacturing is more eco-efficient than manufacturing for these two products, i.e. whether re-manufacturing can create more welfare per energy consumed than manufacturing. Using both process-based and economic input-output data, we show that remanufacturing significantly reduces the amount of energy used in the life cycle of these products, and that this result is robust with respect to the different levels of remanufacturing these products are subject to, as well as the different energy efficiencies of such products. However, we also find that the effectiveness of remanufacturing is very sensitive to the life span of the second life of the product. Furthermore, we find that remanufacturing is not always more eco-efficient than manufacturing. We show that the period of the life cycle in which the product is returned to recovery, the quality of the prod- uct (high-end vs. low-end), the easiness to remanufacture and the consequent recovery costs mediate such relationship. Furthermore, we test the hypothesis that the market of remanufactured products is composed by products that have been downgraded and are therefore sold for prices below the average price of the new products. We conclude that such assertation is true. More importantly, we find that despite the fact that remanufactured products may suffer downgrading (and that consumers, therefore, command a high discount for them), value added per energy unit used is still higher for remanufactured products. We also discuss the impact of our findings on the European WEEE and WEEE-alike legislations.

Increasing pressure to improve market competitiveness has pushed companies to consider the reverse supply chain because of economic and environmental benefits. Besides, legislations and directives, consumer awareness and social responsibilities towards environment are also the drivers for reverse supply chain. The process of reverse supply chains are more complicated since return flows may include several activities such as collection, checking, sorting, disassembly, remanufacturing, disposal and redistribution. Moreover, the quality and the quantity of the used products are uncertain in the reverse channel. The complexity of reverse supply chain has motivated several researchers to use System dynamics (SD) modelling techniques in the search for better strategies and policies for integrating the forward and reverse supply chains by addressing the effects of uncontrollable factors such as uncertainty of returns. The paper aims at not only proposing a methodology that provides an understanding of the system structure as it identifies the important factors or variables influencing the system and to study the characteristics of the process but also it highlights the measurement and improvement of the reverse supply chain.