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by Addie Renner There needs to be greater investment in infrastructure and the electrification of public transportation in Charlotte, North Carolina. Poor public transportation infrastructure has many consequences and is discussed often, whether it's the airportContinue reading

Intro -- TRANSPORTATION AND WATER INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING -- TRANSPORTATION AND WATER INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 PUBLIC SPENDING ON TRANSPORTATION AND WATER INFRASTRUCTURE -- Summary -- Recent Developments in Public Spending for Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- The Composition of Public Spending for Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- The Role of Government in Funding Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- Introduction -- Recent Developments in Public Spending for Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- The Decline in Total Public Spending from 2003 to 2007 -- Federal Spending and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 -- The Composition of Public Spending on Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- Spending by Level of Government -- Spending for Capital and for Operation and Maintenance -- Spending by Type of Infrastructure -- The Role of Government in Funding Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- Deciding How Much the Public Sector Should Spend -- Determining the Role of the Federal Government and of State and Local Governments -- Appendix A. Detailed Data on Spending for Transportation and Water Infrastructure -- Appendix B. Methodology and Data Sources -- Methodology -- Capital and Operation and Maintenance -- Measurement Issues -- Other Methodological Issues -- Data Sources -- Federal Infrastructure Spending -- State and Local Infrastructure Spending -- Converting Nominal Spending into Real Spending -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 TRENDS IN PUBLIC SPENDING ON TRANSPORTATION AND WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, 1956-2004 -- Introduction an d Summary -- Basic Features of Public Spending on Infrastructure -- Infrastructure Spending and the Federal Budget -- Public Spending on Infrastructure as a Share of Gross Domestic Product

Three questions are addressed concerning announced plans of several governments to build new international airports & the opposition to these plans: (1) Why were so many airport projects planned at the same time in so many different places? (2) Why has there been so much difficulty in achieving them? & (3) Is there a particular pattern of protest which cuts across diverse political & cultural systems? In the decade since 1962, air passengers have increased fourfold, aircraft have become faster, larger, & noisier, & the number of aircraft has increased. It seemed that more longer & stronger runways & bigger terminals were needed. However, by the early 1970s, some common miscalculations were made, ie, the forecasting of rising demand & the need for larger planes. Competing institutional perceptions of the public good arose, & three sources of objection surfaced: (A) agencies responsible for other than air transportation, (B) agencies, on a national level, whose responsibilities often compete with transportation, & (C) non-national agencies (regional, metropolitan), resistant to national management of the local environment. More opposition arose from aviation interests & private citizens. Alternative solutions to various problems of construction & the opposition to it that have been offered are described. National experiences are compared; differences & similarities are detailed. Technology can resolve the conflicts, particularly those involving values. G. Simpson.

Libya has suffered forty-two years of neglect with a deficit in management and development in its transportation infrastructure. That deficit comes from a scarcity of data, and the current poor approach in the country to developing its transportation infrastructure management system. As the first step to help the government of Libya rebuild itself, this project will conduct a full inventory of its facilities for a plan to manage and rebuild their network of roads, ports, and streets, which is one of the most important infrastructure features in the country. The main purpose of this project is to help Libya's government reduce and manage this deficit by using GIS technology to compile and manage spatial data on its transportation infrastructure. Those data will be managed in a geodatabase to produce a basemap with a series of layers, such as road centerlines, railroads, administrative boundaries, facility sites, streams and lakes, and building footprints. In addition, that basemap will be used to produce a sample application for a transportation infrastructure use case.

This article engages with several important questions regarding the state of public transportation in South Africa. It provides a brief description of the historical legacy of apartheid in relation to public transport, and the challenges this posed to the government after 1994. This is followed by a summary of the changing policy frameworks in the post-apartheid era, and an examination of the current policies, trajectories, and major transportation projects within the country. For example, this includes a more detailed discussion of major infrastructure projects such as the Gautrain and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the form of Rea Vaya. Overall, the article argues that the South African government is struggling to build an inclusive public transportation infrastructure that addresses issues of poverty, access, and inequality. Finally, the article will conclude with a set of recommendations to build a more inclusive transportation policy framework for South Africa.