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Reports on Turkey's preliminary agreement with Iran for the construction of two gas pipelines. Attention is given to the geopolitical implications of the deal, which are seen to involve Europe, the US, Russia, Central Asia & China. Adapted from the source document.

June 4, 2021. The NC. Senate voted yesterday to disapprove the nomination of Dionne Delli-Gatti as Secretary of the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Republican Senators continued to tie the disapproval to dissatisfaction with Delli-Gatti's earlier responses to questions about Cooper administration policy on natural gas in general and the Mountain Valley Pipeline Southgate project […]

US reaction to the proposed pipeline supplying Soviet natural gas to Western Europe.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of Transportation Office of Pipeline Safety's (OPS) performance in regulating pipeline safety, focusing on: (1) the extent of major pipeline accidents from 1989 through 1998; (2) OPS' implementation of the 1996 Accountable Pipeline Safety and Partnership Act's risk management demonstration program; (3) OPS' inspection and enforcement efforts since the act's implementation; and (4) OPS' responsiveness to recommendations from the National Transportation Safety Board and to statutory requirements designed to improve pipeline safety."

Franke traced the development of German policies toward Eastern Europe since 1990 & offered two alternatives for the development of Europe, controposing the "axis of autocrats" with "networks of democracy." This article explores this distinction & expands on the perspectives offered at the end of Franzke's publication, suggesting that the new/old imperialism & the networks may simply reflect modern dominance forms in cross border activities. An examination of the debate over energy, pipelines, & security between Poland & Germany shows that the in all phases of cooperation, the interests of business are set equivalent to that of the state, a lesson of classical imperialism theory. Despite Franzke's pleas for stronger coordination of German & EU eastern policies, these efforts are complementary even when they appear to be opposing. Where the power of the EU consists of networks, the role of the national state is that of traditional interest politics, but both monopolar & bipolar perspectives accept the creation of centers & peripheries with accompanying inequities. The differentiation of networks from axes as that between empire & imperialism therefore does not appear to be a true perspective. L. Reed

We use cooperative game theory to analyze the impact of three controversial pipeline projects on the power structure in the Eurasian trade of natural gas. Two of them, Nord Stream and South Stream, allow Russian gas to bypass transit countries, Ukraine and Belarus. Nord Stream's strategic value turns out to be huge, justifying the high investment cost for Germany and Russia. The additional leverage obtained through South Stream, in contrast, appears small. The third project, Nabucco, aims at diversifying Europe's gas imports by accessing producers in Middle East and Central Asia. It curtails Russia's power, but the benefits accrue mainly to Turkey, while the gains for the EU are negligible.

This issue discusses how dairy farmers have been affected by COVID-19 and what the future opportunities are for farmers because of it. Included is information about government relief packages. Methane as a greenhouse gas and foraging habits are also discussed. ; NP