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Much of the local action to help people with impaired vision has been with us for well over a century. You would think, therefore, that its purpose - its essential credo - would now be well established and clear. Not so. In fact its place in the firmament of community endeavour has never been more muddied and muddled. it is under pressure, under attack and insecure. Why is this so? This paper explores how local voluntary action has lost focus; and what can be done to reassert the values and mores that should underpin it.

"The development of the Landcare movement across the world during the last two decades" -- Provided by publisher

Anhand dreier lokaler Frauenprojekte untersucht der Beitrag das Wechsel- und Zusammenspiel verschiedener Politikebenen mit der Fragestellung, inwiefern globale Prozesse eine Relevanz für lokale Fraueneinrichtungen haben. Die Autorin stellt dabei fest, dass es keine einheitlichen Linien, sei es top-down (international - national - regional - lokal) oder bottom-up gibt, sondern Austausch und Dynamiken variabel sind. Die Einbindung in lokale, regionale, nationale und internationale Netzwerke belegt die zunehmende Bedeutung nichtstaatlicher Frauenorganisationen. Am Beispiel der untersuchten Einrichtungen in Nordrhein-Westfalen ist die Vielfalt der Netzwerke beeindruckend, aus denen die lokalen Frauenprojekte hervorgegangen sind und die sie aktuell aktiv weiter knüpfen. Insgesamt plädiert die Autorin dafür, den "From the Bottom up"-Ansatz der Bewegungsforschung für frauenpolitisches Engagement fruchtbar zu machen. (ICA)

1. Introduction -- 2. The commonwealth and international relations theory -- 3. The commonwealth brand : membership and identities -- 4. Two case studies : Mozambique and Rwanda -- 5. Mapping commonwealth peripheries : a classification and analysis of commonwealth pre-accession states -- 6. Conclusion.

This book examines Commonwealth identity through the lens of its membership criteria, its recent enlargement and its constant reincarnation. In so doing it exposes various shortcomings in current thinking about international relations and the Commonwealth. Furthermore, it reveals how a number of turning points in the Commonwealth's history have shaped its membership rules and illustrates how the official Commonwealth still has the potential to expand and develop to best reflect an organisation that represents a third of the world's population.