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Front Cover -- Title Page -- Half Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Editor's Foreword -- Preface -- Chart -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- The Russian Discontent 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Lenin's Party: Formation and Waiting -- The Marxist Vogue -- The Advent of Lenin -- Lenin's Movement -- Hope and Failure -- Disillusion and Decadence -- Lenin and the Minorities -- The Last Years of Waiting -- Chapter 3 -- The Conquest of Power -- The End of Tsarism -- Lenin Takes Charge and Fails -- The German Connection -- The Summer of Disruption -- The Coup -- The Party Becomes a Government -- Brest Litovsk -- Civil War -- Consolidation of the Party -- Chapter 4 -- The Liquidation of Dissent -- The End of Allies -- The End of Factions -- Lenin's Retreat -- Lenin's Last Years -- Lenin the Leader -- The Advent of Stalin -- Stalin Defeats Trotsky -- Stalin Crushes Left and Right -- Chapter 5 -- Stalinism in Power -- The Conquest of the Peasantry -- Industrialization -- The Great Purges -- The Stalinist System -- The Eve of the War -- The War -- High Stalinism -- The Finale -- Chapter 6 -- The Khrushchev Era -- The New Rulers -- Khrushchev, the Challenger -- The First Secretary versus the Prime Minister -- De-Stalinization: First Round -- The Defeat of the Old Guard -- Khrushchev Victorious -- The Troubled Vision -- The Slippage of Power -- Khrushchevism -- The Fall -- Chapter 7 -- Brezhnev and Conservative Communism -- The New Regime -- Leonid Ilich Brezhnev -- The Brezhnev Era: Consolidation -- Brezhnev in Command -- The Brezhnev Party -- Conclusion -- The Party Transformed and the Same -- Appendixes -- I. Figures on the Party -- 2. Women in the Party -- Notes -- Bibliographical Note -- Index -- Back Cover

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Fairmont Cemetery #893, San Angelo, Tom Green County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Stroud, William H. ; Cleveland Cemetery #1027, Coleman County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Trawbridge, William.

The article is dedicated to the interpretation of views of Russian philosopher I.A. Ilyin (1883-1954) on eternal ethical and psychological problems which concern the modern young generation. His original and profound reflections promote high ideals, contribute to ethical and psychological studies and help to confront the spiritual impoverishment of society and to harmonize social relations. I.A. Ilyin left an enormous legacy of books and contributed to studies of various academic spheres, but his most famous works are devoted to social and political, law, philosophical and religious problems. His aesthetic as well as ethical and psychological legacy is studied to a much lesser extent, whereas Ilyin himself thought that his most important works were written in his last years of life in which he mostly studied aesthetic, ethical and psychological questions. The article reviews Ilyin's interpretation of ethical categories such as happiness, love, justice, friendship, death, immortality, good and evil, guilt, conscience and analyses the problems of upbringing of the young generation. The meaning of the moral categories is interpreted differently in the history of ethics and in modern studies. I.A. Ilyin follows the Christian tradition in his ethical reflections presented in his works such as "I am looking into life. The book of meditations", "Singing heart. The book of quiet contemplation", "The way to insight", "The look into the distance". The article also studies the psychological phenomena such as sincerity, fidelity, solitude, humor, optimism, age, delicacy, boredom, insomnia and Ilyin's interpretation of them as well as psychological aspects of gender problems. The problem of spirituality is particularly acute both for Russia and the West in the XXI century and in this regard the appeal to the works of I.A. Ilyin and the interpretation of his ethical and psychological reflections are especially relevant.

The article examines the controversial book AZ i IA (1975) by the Russian-language Kazakh writer Olzhas Suleimenov. Ostensibly a study of the Russian medieval classic The Song of Igor's Campaign, the book was quickly understood to be a pointed commentary on the history of Russo-Turkic relations and a vindication of the Central Asian nomads, who were seen as oppressed by imperial domination in the field of knowledge no less than in politics. While Soviet critics noted the tension between the book's scholarly premises and its ideological claims, they chose to ignore the deeper implications of AZ I IA as a hybrid genre that conflates the devices of poetry with the scholarly methods of historiography and linguistics. While earlier critics chose to hail or dismiss Suleimenov's ideas on the basis of their scientific accuracy, this article interprets his poetics and ideology as characteristic of a "Eurasianist" tradition in Soviet letters, represented in this case by the linguist N. Ia. Marr and the avant-garde poet Velimir Khlebnikov, both of whom can be said to anticipate essential aspects of Suleimenov's linguistic vision and epistemological orientation.

The paper aims to explain the concept of "identity" by drawing the intricate cultural and political history of an important piece of the Romanian peasant attire. Involved and instrumentalized within various political and cultural identity programs, traditional clothing was exhibited by ethnographers, anthropologists, cultural activists for a long time as an identity landmark meant to display racial differences, national stereotypes, and social hierarchies. The Romanian peasant attire was thus transformed from a community internal practical and symbolical object to an ethnic and then national identity tool. More recently, the national project of inscribing the traditional Romanian female blouse with embroidery on the shoulder on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is an opportunity for various stakeholders and promoters to reuse and commodify this clothing piece within their own cultural and commercial programs and to redefine and redesign the concept of "heritage community".

As an eye witness to the discovery of America by Columbus, Juan de Ia Cosa possessed excellent and authentic knowledge of geography. His map of the world of 1500 a.d. is the subject of this article, which documents the computer-supported cartometric study undertaken to determine the degree of the map's precision. Based on an analysis of the map's "external" geometry (paper distortion), its "internal" precision was investigated by means of the locational comparison of points on the old map with the corresponding areas on a modern map. This process begins with the definition and digitalisation of "identical" points (salient coastline landmarks, identifiable cities) on the historic map. Then the relevant geographical coordinates of these points are determined and projected on a freely selectable plane. The comparison of the Cosa map's historical depiction with that of the modern map is carried out by means of an adjusted coordinate transformation (Helmert transformation) of the identical points. The criterion for the quality of correspondence between the two projections is the size of the remaining errors of position with regard to the identical points. The comparison is carried out iteratively by changing the map projection with the goal of minimising the remaining errors. According to the numerical investigation of various regions, the Mediterranean area exhibits mean square error of ± 73 km. The analysis of the entire region comprising the Mediterranean, Northwest Africa and Cuba reveals a standard deviation of ± 1 81 km, corresponding to approximately 3% of the distance to America.

"This volume engages with the roots, dimensions and implications of foreign currency domination in states with a national currency. Referred to as unofficial dollarization in literature, this is a worldwide phenomenon among developing countries and has a long history. This monograph provides a political economic analysis of dollarization in Georgia and is structured around three themes: the genesis of dollarization (1991-2003), the persistence of dollarization (2003-12) and the politicization of dollarization (2012-19). The case of Georgia is especially representative of the post-socialist transition states, but also has wider applicability. A high level of dollarization is a significant barrier to economic growth, macroeconomic and political stability, functional monetary policy, as well as social welfare. The Covid-19 crisis and the increasing debt of developing countries in foreign currency exacerbate dollarization-related vulnerabilities for these economies. This book will be of interest to postgraduate students in global/comparative political economy, development economics or transition economies, researchers in monetary sovereignty, central banking, exchange rate policies, currency hierarchy, money, financialization, and policy makers in dollarized countries and global institutions"--

This research discusses the role of social entrepreneurship as an important feature of the moral economy, i.e., a socially responsible business practice. Developing countries, e.g., Georgia, a post-Soviet country, differ from those in the West in this aspect. The author aims to identify peculiarities of social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility of Georgian businesses. Desk research provides conceptual analysis of the existing quantitative and qualitative studies, based on prominent scientists' works in economics and entrepreneurship. A "moral economy" understands business activities as "social services." Social responsibility is a business's moral framework, suggesting a company's obligation to generate social benefit. Social entrepreneurship combines the best practices from the nonprofit and for-profit activities to tackle social needs poorly addressed by businesses and governments. Social entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon in post-Soviet countries, where nongovernmental organizations help in solving many social problems, but their efforts are typically insufficient. Entrepreneurs must find a balance between a company's success, employees' needs, and environmental and social stability. These three priorities form the foundations of corporate social responsibility. Economic history provides many examples of moral standards driving the stability of a socio-economic system and profitability of companies with macroeconomic and microeconomic positive impacts. Companies operating in Georgia spend their funds on social projects and charity; moreover, such socially oriented activities are sometimes chaotic. Companies need to implement social responsibility projects as part of their business plans. Strengthening corporate social responsibility could thus support development of social entrepreneurship.