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Hauptbeschreibung: Das große Referenz- und Facharztbuch zur klinischen Neurologie liegt hiermit unter der Federführung der international renommierten Herausgeber und der Mitarbeit von über 140 Fachexperten als eine vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Neuauflage vor. Durch die thematische Neuausrichtung einzelner Beiträge, z. B. zur transienten globalen Amnesie oder zu Tropenkrankheiten, und acht zusätzliche Kapitel, nämlich zu Antikörper-assoziierten Enzephalopathien, mitochondrialen Erkrankungen, atypischem Gesichtsschmerz, craniomandibulärer Dysfunktion, Hypophysentumoren, Tic/Tourette u

AIM: To compare the Neurocognitive effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics among schizophrenic patients. PURPOSE: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by hallucinations, delusions and other cognitive difficulties; it can often be a lifelong struggle. Although it can be treated very effectively, acute aggravations often occur. Antipsychotic drug therapies are fairly effective for decreasing the rate of relapses and neurocognitive difficulties in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the typical and atypical antipsychotics used to treat patients with schizophrenia in terms of neurocognitive effects and Quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study is proposed to be conducted in 6 months. All the patients were administered the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, to evaluate cognitive function by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Short Form 36, and the Schedule for Assessing the Neurocognition (Attention, Memory, and Intelligence). SETTING: The study was conducted in the government general hospital, Guntur; an 1170 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 75patients who were taking typical antipsychotics and 75 patients taking atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. RESULTS: The medication adherence was similar in both groups of patients and perceived scores of the patients treated with atypical antipsychotics were significantly higher than those of the patients treated with typical antipsychotics in terms of neurocognition and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia and is related to the functional outcome of the illness. In our study, it reveals that atypical antipsychotics therapy was associated with more favourable results of neurocognition and quality of life compared with typical antipsychotics. So Finally, Our study concluded that Patients of Schizophrenia who are taking atypical antipsychotics showed positive results than typical ...

Verschiedene repräsentative Erhebungen und methodische Ansätze zeigen, dass gegenwärtig das Thema 'Fluchtzuwanderung' ganz weit oben auf der Liste der politischen Themen steht. Gleichzeitig ist die Bedeutung der Kategorie 'Gerechtigkeit' zurückgegangen. Offenbar verbinden viele Menschen das Thema Fluchtzuwanderung mit Gerechtigkeitsüberlegungen, d.h. viele empfinden die Aufnahme von Geflüchteten im Vergleich mit ihrer eigenen Situation als ungerecht. Ein kleiner Teil hält es allerdings explizit für ungerecht, wie mit Geflüchteten umgegangen wird, und ein relativ großer Anteil macht sich Sorgen um Ausländerfeindlichkeit in Deutschland. ; Limiting the number of refugees is not an issue 'in itself' for registered voters in Germany. Justice, peace, and social harmony are important to people - and peace and social security are part of the overall quality of life in Germany. Limiting and excluding refugees are by no means important goals for the majority of people - but people also do not want to be adversely affected in their own lives.

Der Wissenschaftliche Beirat beim Bundesfinanzministerium betont in seinem aktuellen Gutachten über die 'Finanzpolitischen Herausforderungen des demografischen Wandels im föderativen System' die räumlich diskrepante Bevölkerungsentwicklung und deren Herausforderung für die öffentlichen Haushalte. Als Folge des demografischen Wandels müssen nicht nur Wachstumsprozesse, sondern auch Schrumpfprozesse gestaltet werden. Notwendige Entscheidungen sollten außerdem rechtzeitig erfolgen, damit sich Bund und Länder vor den fiskalischen Folgen schützen können. Ein passender Ordnungsrahmen ist dafür unumgänglich. ; Demographic change is a particular challenge for fiscal federalism, because the decline of population is expected to affect the various regions within a country unequally. Population growth and shrinkage co-exist, thus requiring both upward and downward adjustments in physical and social infrastructure. A recent report by the Scientific Advisory Board to the German Federal Ministry of Finance discusses the potential implications for the governance of budget policy. The present article reviews this report, which pleads in favour of tight budget constraints and clear-cut fiscal accountability at the local level. Rules have to be enforced which ensure the timely adjustment of local public expenditures to shrinking revenues. The state and federal levels have to protect themselves against the risk of having to bail out those local jurisdictions which have missed or delayed the necessary measures against growing deficits.

Inequality in mortality over the life course: Why things are not as bad as you think. (JEL D63, I18, I38, J1, J3, J18)

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Abschätzung der zukünftigen Zuwanderungsentwicklung nach Deutschland bis 2035. Darin wird ein neuer Modellierungsansatz vorgestellt, der die Zuwanderung nicht nur insgesamt, sondern auch differenziert nach Herkunftsländern, Alter und Geschlecht projiziert. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen Rückgang der Zuwanderung um -8,5 % bis 2035 hin. Der Rückgang basiert primär auf der demografisch bedingten, rückläufigen Entwicklung der Zuwanderung aus den europäischen Ländern. Die Zuwanderung aus politisch und/oder sozioökonomisch prekären Ländern in Afrika sowie dem Mittleren und Nahen Osten wird auch langfristig zunehmen.

Die deutsche Gesellschaft altert und damit steigt auch der Pflegebedarf. Im Jahr 2017 gaben knapp 5 Millionen Personen an, im privaten Rahmen zu pflegen. Eine Auswertung der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels liefert ein heterogenes Bild zur Verteilung der Pflegelasten. Ein Großteil der Pflegenden ist im erwerbsfähigen Alter und die Mehrheit dieser Gruppe geht mindestens einer Teilzeit-, oftmals einer Vollzeitbeschäftigung nach. Diejenigen, die nicht erwerbstätig sind, leisten wiederum deutlich mehr Pflegestunden. Frauen im erwerbsfähigen Alter pflegen häufiger als Männer. Zudem wenden Frauen im Durchschnitt mehr Zeit für Pflege auf. In den höheren Altersgruppen ist der Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern hingegen weniger deutlich. Während sich der Anteil der Pflegenden entlang der Nettoeinkommensverteilung nur wenig unterscheidet, steigt er mit zunehmender Nettovermögensposition deutlich an. Mit zunehmender Nettoeinkommens- oder Nettovermögensposition sinken allerdings die durchschnittlich geleisteten Pflegestunden. Infolge der Bevölkerungsalterung wird es zunehmend wichtiger, die gesellschaftlichen und betrieblichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Pflege zu gestalten. Ist es politisches Ziel, bei Pflegebedürftigkeit möglichst lange im häuslichen Umfeld bleiben zu können, dann muss die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie - und dazu gehört neben der Betreuung von Kindern auch die von pflegebedürftigen Angehörigen - weiter verbessert werden. ; German society is ageing and the need for nursing care is increasing. In 2017, just under 5 million people claimed to be providing nursing care in a private setting. An analysis of the data from the Socio-Economic Panel provides a heterogeneous picture of how the home care burden is shared. Most carers are of working age and the majority are working part-time, though there are also many in fulltime jobs. However, those who are not in paid employment spend significantly longer hours nursing. More women of working age than men are looking after a relative, and on average women also spend more time nursing, although among older cohorts the difference between the sexes is less marked. While the proportion of home carers differs only slightly in relation to net income, it rises significantly with the level of net assets. However, the average number of hours of care provided is in inverse proportion to the level of net income or net assets. As the population ages, it is becoming increasingly important to adapt the conditions that our society and companies provide for home nursing accordingly. If the political objective is to enable those in need of care to remain in the home environment as long as possible, the compatibility of work and family life - and this means taking care not only of children but also of infirm relatives - must be further improved.

The research objective describes an integrated marketing communication strategy in developing Sakura Syariah Hotel to see a comprehensive marketing communication strategy. Hotel Sakura Syariah is a 3-star syariah concept hotel which has 70 rooms. The analytical method uses the 7P (marketing mix) approach. The research results to increase the number of guests staying the strategy consisted of products, which offer a sharia concept with various types of representative rooms. Pricing, using the appropriate price preferences. Place, hotel location that is close to the center of the district capital and easy access. Promotion, with direct selling in accordance with local government and private selling by participating in various marketing events, sales proposals and advertising. People, conduct trainings to improve human resource capabilities. Physical evidence, a physical building that has Sharia characters and is supported by fairly good technology. Process, reservation service is quite fast and excellent. The development of this Sayriah hotel must be supported by related parties, especially the local government in order to increase the number of hotel guests

This paper utilizes a large-scale natural experiment aimed at increasing fertility in Russia. Motivated by a decade-long decrease in fertility and population, the Russian government introduced a sequence of sizable child subsidies (called Maternity Capitals) in 2007 and 2012. We find that the Maternity Capital resulted in a significant increase in fertility both in the short run and in the long run, and has already resulted in an increase in completed fertility for a large cohort of Russian women. The subsidy is conditional and can be used mainly to buy housing. We find that fertility grew faster in regions with a shortage of housing and with a higher ratio of subsidy to housing prices. We also find that the subsidy has a substantial general equilibrium effect. It affected the housing market and family stability. Finally, we show that this government intervention comes at a substantial cost: the government's willingness to pay for an additional birth induced by the program equals approximately 50,000 dollars.

Governments in the OECD note rising immigration with alarm and grapple with policies aimed at selecting certain migrants and keeping out others. Economists appear to be well armed to advise governments since they are responsible for an impressive literature that examines the characteristics of individual immigrants, their absorption and the consequences of their migration on both sending and receiving regions. Economists are, however, much less well armed to speak to the determinants of the world migrations that give rise to public alarm. This paper offers a quantitative assessment of the economic and demographic fundamentals that have driven and are driving world migration, across different historical epochs and around the world. The paper is organized around three questions: How do the standard theories of migration perform when confronted with evidence drawn from more than a century of world migration experience? How do inequality and poverty influence world migration? Is it useful to distinguish between migration pressure and migration ex post, or between the potential demand for visas and the actual use of them? – migration ; poverty ; demographic economics ; emigration ; immigration

The implication of increasing dependency ratios for pay–as–you–go, defined–benefit pension programmes are examined. Modifications aimed at smoothing contributions while maintaining benefits intact are analysed for both open and closed economies.(J.E.L.: H2, F3, J1).