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The Islamic Revolution in Iran is analyzed as the latest of the "great revolutions" in a comparative perspective ranging from the early modern European revolutions to fascism. The analysis highlights the neglected importance of reactive elements, communal solidarities, and tradition in a wide variety of revolutions and revolutionary movements. Comparative inferences bring out the serious deficiency of the Marxian theory of revolution as well as of those structural theories of revolution that focus exclusively on the state. By contrast, these inferences underline the significance of ideology, religion, and culture. Finally it is argued that the emergence of a distinct Islamic revolutionary ideology can only be understood as a part of the process of crystallization of the revolutionary ideology in Western Europe and its spread to the rest of the world.

Defining the role of women in Islamic society has been an issue for debate in post-revolutionary Iran, particularly in light of recent rulings affecting women. This is not merely a theoretical debate but a crisis situation where some women who participated in the revolution alongside men now find themselves in a peculiarly difficult position in relation to society and the current government. Ali shariati (d. 1977), through his publihsed works and transcribed lectures during the 1960s and 1970s, has had a tremendous impact on the direction of this debate. Completely rejecting the role of women in both western and traditional societies, Shariati offers a third alternative: the figure of Fatima, daughter of the Prophet Mohammad and wife of Ali, the first Imam of the Shi'is as the personification of women's role.

Causes and preconditions; social and economic ideologies combined with religious values.

Kritische Darstellung der Theorie von 'Ali Sari'ati über die Rolle der Frau in der islamischen Gesellschaft, die eine ablehnende Interpretation der Frauenrolle in der traditionellen iranischen sowie in der westlichen Gesellschaft beinhaltet und stattdessen die Figur von Fatima (Tochter des Propheten Muhammad und Frau des ersten schiitischen Imams, 'Ali) als Personifizierung der Frauenrolle anbietet. (DÜI-Hns)