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Using DDI Extensions as an Intermediary for Data Storage and Data Display

Data have significant potential to address current societal problems not only at the federal and state levels, but also in smaller communities, in neighborhoods, and in the lives of individuals. While the proposition for this potential is that data are and will be shared with and reused by and for communities at different levels, not all data are not systematically or routinely shared for reuse with communities due to social, structural and technical infrastructure barriers. Data intermediary organizations can play a significant role in removing existing barriers while unlocking the potential of data for all, particularly for communities with limited human or financial resources, limited access to existing data infrastructures, and underserved populations. Considering the significance of the data intermediary organizations on local communities, this study aims to explore the role of intermediaries that usually facilitate community members/organizations' data utilization. The findings of this study reveal that data intermediary organizations play four major roles that are crucial in communities' data utilization: (1) democratizing data, (2) adding value to existing data, (3) enhancing communities' data literacy, and (4) building communities' data capacity. This study has several important implications to offer a solution to overcome the challenges of data reuse at the local level. ; Institute for Museum and Library Services

Abstrak Peraturan perihal Pelindungan Data Pribadi didasarkan atas Fair Information Principles sebagai prinsip-prinsip yang mengatur hubungan antara bisnis dan pemerintah yang mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan membuka informasi personal mengenai subjek data yang digunakan oleh banyak negara. Kemudian, muncul European Union General Data Protection Regulation 2016 sebagai golden rule yang menjadi patokan bagi aturan-aturan negara lainnya seperti Singapura. Pengaruh golden rule terhadap Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2020 milik Singapura dapat dilihat pada konsep Data Controller, Data Intermediary/Processor, dan Data Breach. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut ditemukan bahwa peraturan perihal Pelindungan Data Pribadi di Indonesia yang ada pada saat ini masih terpisah-pisah dalam beberapa peraturan. Di dalamnya, tidak dikenal konsep Data Controller dan Data Processor sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan antara penyelenggara sistem elektronik yang melakukan kontrol dan kelola atas data pribadi. Selain itu, tidak terdapat juga pengaturan perihal data breach. Hal ini berbeda dibandingkan dengan Singapura yang telah membagi antara Data Controller dan Data Intermediary sehingga terdapat kejelasan mengenai perbedaan kewajiban dan pertanggungjawaban di antara keduanya dalam hal terjadi data breach. Kata Kunci: Pelindungan Data Pribadi, Data Pribadi, Data Breach, Data Controller, Data Processor Abstract The regulations regarding the Personal Data Protection are based on the Fair Information Principles as the principles governing the relationship between businesses and governments that collect, use and disclose personal information about data subjects used by many countries. Furthermore, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation 2016 emerged as the golden rule which became the benchmark for the regulations of other countries such as Singapore. The effect of the golden rule on Singapore's Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2020 can be seen in the concept of Data Controller, Data Intermediary/Processor, and Data Breach. This research uses normative juridical legal research methods. Based on this research, it was found that the existing regulations regarding Personal Data Protection in Indonesia are still separated in several regulations. Moreover, there are no concepts of Data Controller and Data Processor so that there is no difference between electronic system administrators who control and manage personal data. In addition, there are also no regulations regarding data breach. This is different from Singapore, which has divided Data Controller and Data Intermediary so that there is a solution regarding the differences in obligations and responsibilities between the two in the event of data breach. Keywords: Personal Data Protection, Personal Data, Data Breach, Data Controller, Data Processor

Data has become a core asset, as well as a "management fashion", of our time. It brings about unprecedented opportunities for data-driven decision making and innovation in various spheres of public life. This concerns data held by governments, as well as companies, academic institutions, non-profits, and citizens. In our study we investigate a novel form of cross-sector partnership called Data Collaborative, and namely the business models employed by intermediaries in data collaboratives. Based on an analysis of six cases, we derived four generic business models based on the level of openness and added value of the data: Data Gatekeeper model, One-stop-shop model, Information-as-a-service model, and Data Controls model. Our study contributes to the literature on data partnerships and on intermediation and information sharing more broadly.

AbstractA data intermediary acquires signals from individual consumers regarding their preferences. The intermediary resells the information in a product market wherein firms and consumers tailor their choices to the demand data. The social dimension of the individual data—whereby a consumer's data are predictive of others' behavior—generates a data externality that can reduce the intermediary's cost of acquiring the information. The intermediary optimally preserves the privacy of consumers' identities if and only if doing so increases social surplus. This policy enables the intermediary to capture the total value of the information as the number of consumers becomes large.

This article examines intermediary governance space in China's urban neighbourhood governance. It identifies new local governance mechanisms and state-society relations through which urban and rural governance intertwine to interact with landless farmers during their introduction to and settlement in existing urban neighbourhoods. Through qualitative data collected in Suzhou, this study reveals the emergence of an intermediate governance space at the neighbourhood level, involving intermediary governance actors and organisations including agents of the Party-state, market groups, and social organisations. In the context of relocation communities, this article examines: how residents' committees are put into place to carry out governance tasks; in what ways the land-losing farmers organise themselves and are mobilised to adjust to a new residential environment, and to what extent conflicts of interest are moderated within the neighbourhoods. The findings suggest dynamics of emerging intermediary governance space and actors in relocation communities. Performing as the liaison between the Party-state and the relocated villagers, the intermediary actors and organisations employ flexible practices and strategies in negotiating the relations between the state, the market, and the citizens produced through neighbourhood governance affairs. (China Perspect/GIGA)

The implementation of good corporate governance (GCG) is the main foundation of companies that needs to run their business activities for a long period. Along with the development of technology and information, the implementation of GCG is increasingly needed for internet intermediary platform providers in carrying out their business activities. The implementation of GCG principles can also reduce the risk of failure in protecting privacy of personal data on the platform. The related principles are transparency, accountability, and responsibility principle by taking into account a number of laws and regulations such as Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law), Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019 (GR 71/2019), and Ministry of Communication and Information Regulation No. 20 of 2016. This research will use a normative juridical research method that takes into account the provisions of the legislation and other relevant documents. As a result, the implementation of GCG is not fully implemented in the case of failure in protecting privacy of personal data in internet intermediary company (PT Bukalapak), thus the legal attempt that can be applied to manifest the company's liability refers back to ITE Law, GR 71/2019, and Ministry of Communication and Information Regulation 20/2016 which are compensation and administrative sanctions.

AbstractHow do the material aspects of intermediary work affect regulators, targets, and beneficiaries? To shed light on this question, we studied an information intermediary in the form of a website and the organizations who founded it. Specifically, we analyzed FracFocus, a self‐regulatory initiative with strong industry ties, charged with disclosing data pertaining to the chemicals used in oil and gas wells completed using hydraulic fracturing technology (fracking) in the United States and Canada. We found that between 2010 and mid‐2017, the vast majority of legislation in states and provinces where fracking actively occurred was updated to mandate or encourage disclosure via FracFocus, meaning that it had a considerable effect on the trajectory of official regulation on fracking disclosure. We also found that FracFocus disclosed important data but did so in a manner that limited accessibility and reduced the comprehensibility of environmental and public health risks to beneficiaries. Our analysis suggests that the public's experience of such a device is one of opaque transparency, in which the line between official and non‐official regulation is blurred. We traced these outcomes to the material affordances created by FracFocus.