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In the past, the Department of Defense (DoD) has relied upon commercial software estimating tools. However, these tools are somewhat unreliable when it comes to estimating military systems, particularly Command and Control Systems. The purpose of this study was to develop a parametric model using linear regression to estimate software development costs for DoD Command and Control systems. The developed model is unique in a few ways. First, the model is derived from Department of Defense command and control data. Second, while traditional models require volumes of variables to create estimates, the developed model only requires a few key variables to estimate the amount of effort necessary to complete a project. The key variables were selected through analyzing common variables used in software cost estimating.

"Prepared under Contract No. AF 19 (628)-1676 for Directorate of Computers, Electronic Systems Division, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force, Laurence G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachusetts." ; "Volume II written by Sara Dustin and Max Singer and edited by William Pfaff and Herman Kahn"--Foreword v. 1. ; "September 1983." ; "HI-285-RR." ; v. 1. Profiles of the future -- v. 2. The alternative national policy card deck / S. Dustin and M. Singer -- v. 3. Political war game transcript and command & control analysis. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Command and control is central in all distributed tactical operations such as rescue operations and military operations. It takes place in a complex system of humans and artefacts, striving to reach common goals. The command and control complexity springs from several sources, including dynamism, uncertainty, risk, time pressure, feedback delays and interdependencies. Stemming from this complexity, the thesis approaches two important and related problem areas in command and control research. On a general level, the thesis seeks to approach the problems facing the command and control operators and the problems facing the designers in the associated systems development process. We investigate the specific problem of operators losing sight of the overall perspective when working with large maps in geographical information systems with limited screen area. To approach this problem, we propose high-precision input techniques that reduce the need for zooming and panning in touch-screen systems, and informative unit representations that make better use of the screen area available. The results from an experimental study show that the proposed input techniques are as fast and accurate as state-of-the-art techniques without the need to resort to zooming. Furthermore, results from a prototype design show that the proposed unit representation reduces on-screen clutter and makes use of off-screen units to better exploit the valuable screen area. Developing command and control systems is a complex task with several pitfalls, including getting stuck in exhaustive analyses and overrated reliance on rational methods. In this thesis, we employ a design-oriented research framework that acknowledges creative and pragmatic ingredients to handle the pitfalls. Our approach adopts the method of reconstruction and exploration of mission histories from distributed tactical operations as a means for command and control analysis. To support explorative analysis of mission histories within our framework, we propose tools for communication analysis and tools for managing metadata such as reflections, questions, hypotheses and expert comments. By using these tools together with real data from live tactical operations, we show that they can manage large amounts of data, preserve contextual data, support navigation within data, make original data easily accessible, and strengthen the link between metadata and supporting raw data. Furthermore, we show that by using these tools, multiple analysts, experts, and researchers can exchange comments on both data and metadata in a collaborative and explorative investigation of a complex scenario. ; Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2004:61.

Proceedings of the 1996 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium: Command and Control in the Information Age ; The developments in communications and networking technology that are both ongoing and within our technological grasp are at the core of the revolution in military affairs. And the cumulative impacts are in themselves revolutionary in nature. Thirdly, a sound understanding of networking forms a solid baseforsystemsengineeringofthose information systems we refer to as 'C4I systems' and 'combat systems'. Complacency in this area is not allowed; the technology is fundamentally dual use and far beyond the ability of any conceiveable export control laws to bound. Thus the technology -- and infrastructure -- is almost wholly equally available to adversaries. This mandates a 'run-fast' approach to systems engineering and technology insertion. ; This research is part of the NPS curriculum, and_is also ~artially underwritten by grants from Nanonal Science Foundation and the Integrated Joint Warfare Analysis program.