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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Urbanites, nature, and re-thinking -- Chapter 1: Nature, health, well-being, and sense of place: What do we know? What don't we agree on? -- Biological paradigm: adaptive and utility -- The social construction paradigm: constructed, political, and relational -- New directions in nature, health, and well-being research -- Moving forward: research, policy, and practice on nature and health in cities -- Chapter 2: Ecology in the margins: green infrastructure and stormwater management -- Introduction -- Ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and stormwater: a short history of re-thinking water in cities -- City-wide approaches to urban greening and stormwater: the case of Philadelphia -- Piece-by-piece layering and conversion: urban greening and stormwater in Toronto -- Small-scale urban greening and green infrastructure: reflections -- Chapter 3: Meadows in the sky: a green roof case study -- Introduction -- What do we know about green roofs, health, and well-being? -- Methods -- Results: what did they think and feel about green roofs? -- Implications for policy, research, and the human relationship to nature -- Asking the same questions in a different way: a survey -- Lessons learned from quantitative versus qualitative methods -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Reclaiming the city: vacant lots and post-industrial corridors -- Introduction -- Marginal spaces: re-greening neglected urban spaces -- Case studies: Chicago and Philadelphia -- Post-industrial urban greening: elevated parks -- Case study: Philadelphia's Rail Park -- Case study: Chicago's The 606 -- Small-scale urban greening, interstitial, and post-industrial space: reflections and moving forward.

Intro -- Preface -- Highlights -- Contents -- Integrating Resilience Thinking into Urban Planning -- 1 Resilience-Oriented Urban Planning -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Resilience and Its Underlying Principles -- 1.3 Integration of Resilience Thinking into Urban Planning -- 1.3.1 Planning Strategy and Vision -- 1.3.2 Public Participation and Capacity Building -- 1.3.3 Equity and Empowerment of Poor and Marginalized Communities -- 1.3.4 Traditional Local Knowledge -- 1.3.5 Institutional Reforms -- 1.3.6 Social Networks and Social Support -- 1.3.7 Dimensional, Spatial, and Temporal Interrelationships and Interlinkages -- 1.3.8 Resilience-Oriented Land Use Planning -- 1.3.9 Resilient Urban Infrastructure -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Resilience Matrix for Comprehensive Urban Resilience Planning -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Challenges of Traditional Risk Analysis -- 2.3 Resilience: A New Way Forward -- 2.4 Development of the Resilience Matrix -- 2.5 Using the Resilience Matrix -- 2.5.1 Case Study 1: The Rockaways, NY -- 2.5.2 Case Study 2: Mobile, AL -- 2.6 Lessons Learned -- References -- 3 Urban Informality and Planning: Challenges to Mainstreaming Resilience in Indian Cities -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Urban Planning -- 3.3 Urban Governance Structure as It Relates to Urban Resilience Planning -- 3.4 Urban Poverty, Informality and Resilience -- 3.5 Case Study: Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan -- 3.5.1 About Ahmedabad -- 3.5.2 Existing Vulnerability and Climate Change Risks in Future -- 3.5.3 Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan -- 3.6 Conclusions and Policy Implications -- References -- 4 Designing a 'Fit-for-Purpose' Approach to Tracking Progress on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience: Learning from Local Governments in Australia -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation for Climate Change Adaptation -- 4.2.1 Purpose -- 4.2.2 Approaches.

Foreword: plan less to plan better -- Preface: towards masterplanning for change -- About the authors -- PART I TOWARDS AN ECOLOGY OF URBAN FORM -- 1 Design and change: reconciling the paradox -- 1.1 Urbanisation, anthropocene and the great acceleration -- 1.2 About connectedness and complexity: the way change occurs -- 1.3 How complex systems change: adaptive cycles, panarchy & -- resilience -- 1.3.1 Adaptive cycle and panarchy -- 1.3.2 Bouncing back and bouncing forward: the concept of resilience across disciplines -- 1.3.3 Neither back nor forward: evolutionary resilience -- 1.4 Implementing resilience in urban design -- 2 From system ecology to urban morphology -- 2.1 System ecology & -- urban morphology: not so different after all -- 2.2 Introducing urban morphology -- 2.2.1 How urban form changes: the urban form adaptive cycle -- 2.2.2 Between inertia and change: panarchy in urban form -- 2.3 Design and change: the paradox reconciled -- PART 2 MASTERPLANNING FOR CHANGE: THE DESIGN APPROACH -- 3 Towards a design agenda -- 3.1. Designing the city as a complex system -- 3.1.1 Sustainability, resilience and 'shepherded self-organization' -- 3.1.2 Advancing the place-making tradition -- 3.2 The five attributes of resilient cities -- 3.2.1 Defining the attributes -- 3.2.2 The attributes at-scale: a component-specific description -- 4 Masterplanning for change: the design approach -- 4.1 Analysis -- WP. 1: Drawing the City -- WP. 2: History -- WP. 3: Stories -- WP. 4: Planning and Policy Framework -- WP. 5: Community Potential -- WP. 6: Density and Urban Intensity -- WP. 7: Comparing Places -- WP. 8: Mental Map -- WP. 9: Fear Map -- WP. 10: Street Centrality -- WP. 11: Street Hierarchy -- WP. 12: Transportation Network -- WP. 13: Street Front Quality.

Many governments in different parts of the world are investing in high speed rail. Some of them do so thinking that it will be an important part of climate change mitigation. Intercity traffic over medium distances is particularly interesting in the environmental context as it constitutes the only transport segment where aircraft, trains, coaches and cars naturally compete for market shares. This report calculates the effect on emissions from building a new high speed link that connects two major cities located 500 km apart. It assumes that emissions from new vehicles and aircraft in 2025 can be used as a proxy for the emissions during a 50 year investment depreciation period. The emissions from the marginal production of electricity, used by rail and electric vehicles, are estimated to amount on average to 530 gram per kWh for the entire period. Fuels used by road vehicles are assumed to be on average 80 percent fossil and 20 per cent renewable (with a 65% carbon efficiency in the latter case). Traffic on the new line after a few years is assumed to consist to 20 per cent of journeys diverted from aviation, 20 per cent diverted from cars, 5 per cent from long-distance coaches, and 30 per cent from pre-existing trains. The remaining 25 per cent is new generated traffic. Under these assumptions would the investment result in a net reduction of CO2-emissions of about 9,000 tons per one million one-way trips. Assuming 10 million single journeys per year, the total reduction would be 90,000 tons. When the price of CO2 is $40 per ton, the socio-economic benefit of the reduction would amount to $3.6 million, which is very little in the context of high speed rail. The sensitivity analysis shows that alternative assumptions do not significantly change the outcome. One may also have to consider the impact on climate change from building the new line. Construction emissions for a line of this length may amount to several million tons of CO2. There is no cause to prohibit investment in high speed rail on environmental grounds so long as the carbon gains made in traffic balances the emissions caused during construction. However, marketing high speed rail as a part of the solution to climate change is clearly wrong. Investment in infrastructure for modal shift should only be considered when traffic volumes are high enough to carry the cost. The principal benefits of high speed rail are time savings, additional capacity and generated traffic, not a reduction of greenhouse gases.

Urban, Regional and National Planning (UNRENAP).

Intro -- About the Project -- Scientific Supervisor -- Scientific officers -- Research group -- About the Images -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Designing the Regeneration of Urban Communities -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Community Governance, Social Innovation and Urban Strategic Design -- 2 Sustainable Urban Regeneration: A Literature Review (A. Fanfoni, E. Ortolan, N. Raimo) -- 2.1 The Concept of Sustainable Urban Regeneration and Its Evolution Over Time -- 2.2 Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Regeneration Projects -- 3 The Research Design: The Definition of the Key Performance Indicators and the Choice of the Analysis Sample -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Definition of Sustainability Dimensions, Aspects and KPIs -- 3.3 Validating the Relevance of KPIs -- 3.4 The Choice of Sample -- 3.5 The Analysis of 30 Cases for the Definition of a European Atlas of Sustainable Regeneration -- 4 A European Atlas of Urban Regeneration Projects: City Fact Sheets -- 4.1 Eskilstuna -- 4.2 Mollet Del Vallès -- 4.3 Växjö -- 4.4 Cornellà De Llobregat -- 4.5 Galway -- 4.6 Jönköping -- 4.7 Limerick -- 4.8 Mechelen -- 4.9 Torres Vedras -- 4.10 Umeå -- 4.11 Aalborg -- 4.12 Angers -- 4.13 Cagliari -- 4.14 Clermont-Ferrand -- 4.15 Göttingen -- 4.16 Grenoble -- 4.17 Jyväskylä -- 4.18 Lahti -- 4.19 Leuven -- 4.20 Luxembourg City -- 4.21 Nancy -- 4.22 Nijmegen -- 4.23 Odense -- 4.24 Salzburg -- 4.25 Trento -- 4.26 Aarhus -- 4.27 Graz -- 4.28 Ljubljana -- 4.29 Tampere -- 4.30 Vitoria Gasteiz -- 5 Data Analysis and Discussion -- 5.1 Urban Design Sustainability -- 5.2 Institutional Sustainability -- 5.3 Social Sustainability -- 5.4 Economic Sustainability -- 5.5 Environmental Sustainability -- 6 The Guidelines for European Cities -- 6.1 Redefining the Community Governance Model -- 6.2 Extending the Instruments and the Level of Social Cohesion.

Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Nature-Driven Urbanism -- References -- Chapter 2: Contrast, Contact, Contract -- Pathways to Pacify Urbanization and Natural Processes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Leadership Needed -- 2.3 Baseline: Urban Nature -- 2.4 Densities -- 2.5 Urban Metabolism and Nature Based Solutions? -- 2.6 Size and Configuration -- 2.7 Permeability -- 2.8 Urban Configuration -- 2.9 The Best of Three Worlds? -- 2.9.1 Contrast -- 2.9.2 Contact -- 2.9.3 Contract -- 2.10 Planning Context -- 2.11 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Temporary Nature - A Win-Win for Nature and Developers: Tinkering with the Law in Order to Combat Biodiversity Loss -- 3.1 Developers Are People Too -- 3.2 The Legal Framework -- 3.2.1 The Legal Dilemma -- 3.2.2 The Legal Solution: Antedating Requesting a Derogation -- 3.2.3 Ensuring a Net-Positive Effect for Nature -- 3.3 Collaborative Policies -- 3.3.1 Deadlocks and Obstacle Courses: Command and Control Leading to Perverse Incentives -- 3.3.2 The Shift towards More Collaborative Approaches -- 3.4 Ecological Effectiveness -- 3.4.1 Reality Check -- 3.4.1.1 Port of Amsterdam (Fig. 3.7) -- 3.4.1.2 Eeserwold -- 3.4.2 Conclusion on Ecology -- 3.5 Conclusions and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 4: Stepping-Stone City: Process-Oriented Infrastructures to Aid Forest Migration in a Changing Climate -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Process-Based Connectivity -- 4.3 Process-Oriented Infrastructures -- 4.4 Forest Migration Under Climate Change -- 4.5 Urban Stepping Stones for Migration -- 4.6 Process-Based Design -- 4.6.1 Forest Migration at the Bioregion Scale -- 4.6.2 Foraging Activity at the Site Scale -- 4.6.3 Seed Dispersal at the City Scale -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Landscape First! Nature-Driven Design for Sydney's Third City -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Current Urbanism in the Sydney Region.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Power Electronics -- Fault Analysis of a Non-isolated Three-Level DC-DC Converter Integrated in a Bipolar DC Power Grid -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Operating Principles of the Three-Level DC-DC Converter -- 2.1 Operation Modes in Normal Conditions -- 2.2 Operation Modes in Fault Conditions -- 3 Simulations of the Three-Level DC-DC Converter -- 3.1 Steady-State Operation: Normal and Fault Conditions -- 3.2 Transient-State Operation: Normal and Fault Conditions -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A Comprehensive Comparison of Voltage and Current Control Techniques for Three-Phase VSI Converters -- 1 Introduction -- 2 VSI Converter Topologies -- 3 Voltage and Current Control Techniques -- 3.1 Proportional Integral (PI) Control -- 3.2 Proportional Resonant (PR) Control -- 3.3 Model Predictive (MP) Control -- 4 Simulation Results -- 4.1 Voltage Controlled VSI -- 4.2 Current Controlled VSI -- 4.3 Comparative Analyses -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Development of a Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter Based on Full-Bridge Submodules with a Common DC Bus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Full Bridge with Cascaded Transformers Topology -- 3 Control Algorithms -- 4 Simulation Results -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Energy -- Demand Response -- Technical-Economic Analysis -- Standard Energy Renovation at the Urban Scale in the Moroccan Context -- 1 Introduction and Context -- 2 Problem Statement -- 3 Problem Approach -- 3.1 Data and Geometric Modeling -- 3.2 Energy Simulations -- 3.3 Assessment of the Energy Gain -- 3.4 Mapping and Outreach -- 4 Study Area -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Technical-Economic Analysis of a Power Supply System for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Using Photovoltaic Energy and Electrical Energy Storage System.

In Naturschutzgebieten geschieht vieles, das auf den ersten Blick widersprüchlich ist. So werden beim Pflegeeinsatz Blumenwiesen abgemäht, wo doch alle dort wachsenden Pflanzen unter Naturschutz stehen. An anderer Stelle werden im Flachmoor geschützte Schilfbestände abgebrannt oder in einem Dünenschutzgebiet die oberste Bodenschicht mit Planierraupen abgetragen. Wiederum andere Flächen sollen völlig unberührt von menschlichen Eingriffen bleiben. Der Autor Klaus-Dieter Hupke zeigt die verschiedenen Strategien von Naturschutz auf. Er zeigt auch, dass Naturschutz zumeist gerade das nicht ist, was der Begriff im Kern aussagt: 'Schutz der Natur'. In Mitteleuropa handelt es sich bei Naturschutzgebieten im Gegenteil überwiegend um die Relikte alter Agrar- und damit Kulturlandschaften. Oftmals stehen auch ästhetische Aspekte eines Landschaftsausschnitts bei der Ausweisung als Naturdenkmal oder Naturschutzgebiet im Vordergrund. Darüber hinaus läuft der Naturschutz Gefahr, zur Ersatzhandlung und zum Alibi für eine in Mitteleuropa wie global immer noch wachsende Zerstörung traditioneller und naturnaher Landschaftssysteme zu werden. Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dieter Hupke ist Dozent für Geographie an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Heidelberg.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Quest for Sustainable Cities -- 1.2 Sustainable Urban Forms -- 1.3 From Land to Landscape -- 1.4 Green Policies and Quality of Life -- References -- 2 Toward a Sustainable Use of Land: Urbanization, Policies and (Mis)Understanding of Degradation Processes -- 2.1 International and European Policies -- 2.1.1 European Union Policies for Soil Protection -- 2.1.2 European Urban Agenda: Sustainable Land Use and Nature-Based Solutions -- 2.1.3 United Nations Guidelines for Sustainable Land Use -- 2.1.4 Institutional Tools to Combat Land Degradation in Southern Europe -- 2.2 Quality, Biophysical Degradation, Soil Sealing: Research and Experiences -- 2.2.1 What Is Land Quality? -- 2.2.2 Characteristics and Main Causes of Land Degradation -- 2.2.3 Why Land Degradation and Soil Sealing Are Connected? -- 2.2.4 The Worn Landscape -- 2.3 The Case of Italy -- References -- 3 Mediterranean Europe, a Fragile Landscape: Metropolitan Growth and Urban Sprawl -- 3.1 The Intrinsic Fragility of Semi-Natural Landscapes in the Mediterranean Basin -- 3.2 From Dispersed Cities to Metropolitan Networks -- 3.3 The Mediterranean City as an Entropic and Disorder Space -- 3.4 Three Protagonists of Urban Sprawl -- 3.4.1 Settlement and Morphological Aspects -- 3.4.2 Socio-Economic Aspects -- 3.4.3 Transforming Urban Europe: The Mediterranean Lesson -- References -- 4 What Type of Soil Was Consumed in the Metropolis of the Mediterranean Area? Land Quality and the Forms of Urbanization -- 4.1 The Link Between Forms of Urban Expansion and Land Quality -- 4.2 Survey Tools -- 4.2.1 Soil Quality Index -- 4.2.2 Climate Quality Index -- 4.2.3 Vegetation Quality Index -- 4.3 Study Area -- 4.4 Results -- References -- 5 Preserving Land Quality in European Metropolis -- 5.1 Management and Governance Aspects.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Climate Change and Sustainable Transportation -- Important Aspects of Evacuation Planning for the Coastal Communities in Sri Lanka -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 General Information -- 3.2 Early Warning Dissemination -- 3.3 Evacuation Routes, Shelters, Drills and Training -- 3.4 Effect of Having a Family Vehicle, Disabled People, Neighbours and Domestic Animals -- 4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgement -- Disclaimer -- References -- Application of GPS/GIS Based Travel Mode Detection Method for Energy Efficient Transportation Sector -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Information on GPS Based Travel Surveys -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Study Area -- 4.2 GPS Data Collection -- 4.3 GIS Data Collection -- 4.4 Socio Demographic Data Collection -- 4.5 Sample Selection -- 4.6 Key Steps in Methodology -- 4.6.1 GPX Data -- 4.6.2 Erroneous Data -- 4.6.3 Velocity Calculation -- 4.6.4 Travel Modes Calibration in STATA Statistical Software -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Travel Mode Detection -- 5.2 Modal Shares -- 5.3 Success Rate of Travel Mode Detection Using Smart Phone-Based GPS Application -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Selection of Optimum Junction Operation Strategy for Gatambe Intersection Using VISSIM Simulation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Microscopic Simulation -- 1.2 VISSIM -- 1.3 Importance of Finding a Strategic Solution for Gatambe Intersection -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 VISSIM Based Simulation Models -- 2.2 Selection of the Optimum Junction Improvement Strategy -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 4 Alternative Solutions -- 4.1 Option A -- 4.2 Option B -- 4.3 Option C -- 4.4 Option D -- 5 Economic Analysis -- 5.1 Outputs from VISSIM Simulation -- 5.2 Estimation of Benefits.