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Purpose: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has received growing attention in the last few years. Most of the automobile industries are setting up their own manufacturing plants in competitive Indian market. Due to public awareness, economic, environmental or legislative reasons, the requirement of GSCM has increased. In this context, this study aims to develop a structural model of the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach: We have identified various barriers and contextual relationships among the identified barriers. Classification of barriers has been carried out based upon dependence and driving power with the help of MICMAC analysis. In addition to this, a structural model of barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry has also been put forward using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique. Findings: Eleven numbers of relevant barriers have been identified from literature and subsequent discussions with experts from academia and industry. Out of which, five numbers of barriers have been identified as dependent variables; three number of barriers have been identified as the driver variables and three number of barriers have been identified as the linkage variables. No barrier has been identified as autonomous variable. Four barriers have been identified as top level barriers and one bottom level barrier. Removal of these barriers has also been discussed.Research limitations/implications: A hypothetical model of these barriers has been developed based upon experts' opinions. The conclusions so drawn may be further modified to apply in real situation problem. Practical implications: Clear understanding of these barriers will help organizations to prioritize better and manage their resources in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Through this paper we contribute to identify the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry and to prioritize them. The structured model developed will help to understand interdependence of the barriers. This paper also suggests the removal of these barriers.

Purpose: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has received growing attention in the last few years. Most of the automobile industries are setting up their own manufacturing plants in competitive Indian market. Due to public awareness, economic, environmental or legislative reasons, the requirement of GSCM has increased. In this context, this study aims to develop a structural model of the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach: We have identified various barriers and contextual relationships among the identified barriers. Classification of barriers has been carried out based upon dependence and driving power with the help of MICMAC analysis. In addition to this, a structural model of barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry has also been put forward using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique. Findings: Eleven numbers of relevant barriers have been identified from literature and subsequent discussions with experts from academia and industry. Out of which, five numbers of barriers have been identified as dependent variables; three number of barriers have been identified as the driver variables and three number of barriers have been identified as the linkage variables. No barrier has been identified as autonomous variable. Four barriers have been identified as top level barriers and one bottom level barrier. Removal of these barriers has also been discussed. Research limitations/implications: A hypothetical model of these barriers has been developed based upon experts' opinions. The conclusions so drawn may be further modified to apply in real situation problem. Practical implications: Clear understanding of these barriers will help organizations to prioritize better and manage their resources in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Through this paper we contribute to identify the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry and to prioritize them. The structured model developed will help to understand interdependence of the barriers. This paper also suggests the removal of these barriers. ; Peer Reviewed

Purpose: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has received growing attention in the last few years. Most of the automobile industries are setting up their own manufacturing plants in competitive Indian market. Due to public awareness, economic, environmental or legislative reasons, the requirement of GSCM has increased. In this context, this study aims to develop a structural model of the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach: We have identified various barriers and contextual relationships among the identified barriers. Classification of barriers has been carried out based upon dependence and driving power with the help of MICMAC analysis. In addition to this, a structural model of barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry has also been put forward using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique. Findings: Eleven numbers of relevant barriers have been identified from literature and subsequent discussions with experts from academia and industry. Out of which, five numbers of barriers have been identified as dependent variables; three number of barriers have been identified as the driver variables and three number of barriers have been identified as the linkage variables. No barrier has been identified as autonomous variable. Four barriers have been identified as top level barriers and one bottom level barrier. Removal of these barriers has also been discussed. Research limitations/implications: A hypothetical model of these barriers has been developed based upon experts' opinions. The conclusions so drawn may be further modified to apply in real situation problem. Practical implications: Clear understanding of these barriers will help organizations to prioritize better and manage their resources in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Through this paper we contribute to identify the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry and to prioritize them. The structured model developed will help to understand interdependence of the barriers. This paper also suggests the removal of these barriers. ; Peer Reviewed

This paper aims at examining the importance of GSCM and the challenges that are faced by the GSCM in the retail section of Pakistan. In this research, we will identify the variables (lack of green products, lack of government policies, lack of investment cost and the GSCM) that will have negative and positive effect on GSCM on the retail section of Pakistan. The lack of green products, government policies and the investment cost has negative effect on the GSCM but the GSCM has a positive effect on GSCM on the retail section of Pakistan.

Purpose
A spurt in the usage of additive manufacturing (AM) is observed in industrial applications to produce final parts along with rapid prototyping and rapid tooling. Despite the potential benefits of on-demand and on-location production of customised or complex shape parts, widespread implementation of this disruptive production technology is not yet visible. The purpose of this paper is to examine the various barriers to implement AM in the Indian automotive sector and analyse interrelations among them.


Design/methodology/approach
Based on the extant literature and discussions with industry experts, ten major barriers are identified. The authors use a modified Fuzzy interpretive structural modelling (Fuzzy-ISM) method to derive strengths of relationships among these barriers, develop hierarchical levels, and thereafter group and rank these barriers.


Findings
ISM diagraph is developed to demonstrate how the barriers drive one another. Production technology capabilities and government support emerge as the most critical factors, with high driving power and medium dependence.


Research limitations/implications
While identified barriers may be similar across the automotive industry, generalisation of results for interrelationships and ranks in other industries may be limited.


Practical implications
The findings may be useful to managers to develop suitable mitigation strategies, and take more informed decisions, with individual focus, level focus or cluster focus.


Social implications
Findings clearly establish that the role of management and government is crucial in mitigating workers' resistance to AM implementation.


Originality/value
This paper contributes to AM literature by the structured presentation of the barriers to implement AM in the Indian automotive sector. It also extends the Fuzzy-ISM method by presenting calculation of indirect relations using the appropriate max-product composition and in ranking the barriers.

Green buildings also known as green construction or sustainable building are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. Today the environmental issues and the concern for sustainability is encouraging more effective and efficient usage of energy, water and material currently used, ensure the prevention of any kind of waste, perform environmentally sensible and eco-friendly building design and be environmentally friendly in the process of construction. Environmental problems and the growth of construction industry cause a new topic to manage construction waste with the help of green supply chain management (GSCM). This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. GSCM reduces energy usage and waste, so it prevents any problem that will occur in human health and environment. This paper aims to combine the architects green building operations together with the engineers green supply chain management for both reducing the usage of materials, encouraging more effective and efficient usage of energy, water and material currently used, ensure the prevention of any kind of waste, perform environmentally sensible and eco-friendly building design and to be able to reuse, recycle, or recover the waste. The European Union Council published a waste management directive in 2008 that gives some goal numbers to manage construction waste to minimize the environmental effect. The goal is to reach a reduction of 70% of construction and demolition waste (CDW) that will be reused, recycled or recovered in 2020. The aim of this paper is to explore the cost-benefit and social-benefit reflections by the combination of these two techniques, based on the literature review and case study examples from Turkey a model is built and propositions regarding Green Building operations using GSCM and reverse logistics are formulated.

Reducing the disparity in neonatal health among regions to ensure every mother and her newborn receive the health care they need is a priority in Vietnam. This study was conducted to assess the barriers in implementing the National guidelines on newborn care in a rural mountainous province of Vietnam. Qualitative methods were applied with 28 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions in DakNong province. The results showed that there exist many barriers in implementing the national guideline in newborn care services. There is a big gap between health policy development and policy implementation. The Vietnam government had approved a good strategy and guidelines. Efforts now need to focus on implementing the national guideline and improving quality of care.

Introduction Public universities around the world are faced with environmental change. The leading to a need for improved information for decision making to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of service quality. Reforms of accountability system have been one program to provide improved information for decision making in higher education. Reforms taking place in most developed and developing countries have faced challenges, barriers and problems. Despite the emphasis of the legislators in the Third Economic, Social and Cultural plan based on the reforms in governmental budgeting and changes from program budgeting to performance-based budgeting, the end of 1383 was the last year of the program, was not gained much success. Still trying to establish performance-based budgeting continued in the fourth and fifth development programs coding are also considered guidelines for universities and public sector accounting system based on accrual accounting implementation of the notification of the beginning of 1394, is in line with the implementation of the reforms. Due to the above argument, we need to examine why despite the flaws of the current accounting system and provided necessary legislative, including the areas of autonomy granted to universities, drastic reforms in the Financial system and operational accountability of these institutions has not been happened. In fact what kind of barriers has the implementation of reforms in financial and operational accountability system of public universities has been faced with? What are the momentums beginning with reforms in state universities? Research Questions 1- What are the Confusers of reform in financial accountability and operational system of public universities? 2- What are the frustrators of reform in financial accountability and operational system of public universities? 3- What are the Delayer of reform in financial accountability and operational system of public universities? 4- What are the momentum of reform in financial accountability and operational system ...

Supply Chain Management (SCM) has become a critical factor to sustainorganization's competitive advantages. In this regard, many firms andresearchers have attempted to find out factors that affect either positivelyor negatively on SCM. Recently, Green Supply Chain Management(GSCM) has been receiving the spotlight in many studies. Social andpolitical concerns about the environment in India emerged in the early1990s when Indian government established new environmentalregulations in order to implement environmental managementthroughout the entire supply chain.

The construction industry not only has significant impact to Indonesian's economic development but also to social and environment matters. Sustainable construction is the key to minimize current and future environment and social impact. This paper reports the results of a study about the correlation of sustainable construction (SC) awareness and intentions to implement sustainable construction in one of Indonesian state-owned company. This entails identifying the current status of SC practices, the awareness level of construction teams, the intentions to implement SC, as well as barriers to Implement SC. After comprehensive reviewing the literature, the data is conducted and collected through quantitative approach through questionnaires survey using random sampling techniques. Authors targeted 262 construction teams associated with the Indonesian state-owned construction company as the population and get the feedback as 266 completed questionnaires were received. The data then analyzed through descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square analysis using SmartPLS version 3.9.0. The main findings of this research are as follows: awareness level of SC in Indonesian state-owned construction company is moderate level, and the intention to implement SC is high; awareness has no significant effect for intention to implement SC , So that Indonesian Government should need more campaign and strategies to improve and encourage this concept; in order to be applied efficiently in future projects, it's because material, competence, cost, and time were found to be the main barrier to implement SC on this study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the facilitators and barriers to implement family doctor contracting services in China by using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to shed new light on establishing family doctor systems in developing countries. DESIGN: A qualitative study conducted from June to August 2017 using semistructured interview guides for focus group discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews. CFIR was used to guide data coding, data analysis and reporting of findings. SETTING: 19 primary health institutions in nine provinces purposively selected from the eastern, middle and western areas of China. PARTICIPANTS: From the nine sampled provinces in China, 62 policy makers from health related departments at the province, city and county/district levels participated in 9 FGDs; 19 leaders of primary health institutions participated in individual interviews; and 48 family doctor team members participated in 15 FGDs. RESULTS: Based on CFIR constructs, notable facilitators included national reform involving both top-down and bottom-up policy making (Intervention); support from essential public health funds, fiscal subsidies and health insurance (Outer setting); extra performance-based payments for family doctor teams based on evaluation (Inner setting); and positive engagement of health administrators (Process). Notable barriers included a lack of essential matching mechanisms at national level (Intervention); distrust in the quality of primary care, a lack of government subsidies and health insurance reimbursement and performance ceiling policy (Outer setting); the low competency of family doctors and weak influence of evaluations on performance-based salary (Inner setting); and misunderstandings about family doctor contracting services (Process). CONCLUSIONS: The national design with essential features including financing, incentive mechanisms and multidepartment cooperation, was vital for implementing family doctor contracting services in China. More attention should be paid to the quality of ...

AbstractThis abstract explores the nature of states' duties to respect, protect and fulfill reproductive rights. It outlines the means to hold states accountable at the international level to implement reproductive rights. It analyzes how events-based and standard-based data can be used to show whether states are in compliance with or in violation of their obligations to implement reproductive rights and to determine the effectiveness of remedies. It concludes with a call for greater collaboration among reproductive health professionals and human rights activists to ensure greater protection and promotion of reproductive rights.

The paper aims to identify key performance variables of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices to achieve sustainable development goals. It develops a comprehensive structural relationship between various performance variables for GSCM for sustainability in Indian automobile industries. With the help of expert opinions from industry professionals and extant literature review, fifteen key performance variables have been identified and stated as these variables attempt to achieve the sustainability goals in GSCM practices. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is employed to develop the model and then rank them. The results of this study show that supplier willingness towards GSCM, Adoption of technology advancement adoption, and top management commitment have emerged as top three key variables while organizational motivating, encouragement of sustainable product, and government support systems are identified as the bottom three parameters. It also helps to achieve the priority basis to create a greener platform in the automobile industry. The study helps the managers, practitioners, and policymakers in making strategic and tactical decisions for better sustainability in the Indian Automobile industries in the context of GSCM practices. The critical inputs show the GSCM in the firms being more proactive and well prepared. The novelty of this research lies in the requirement of GSCM as most automobile companies set up their plants for awareness of economic, social and environmental development. The performance variable identified to improve organizational performance to contribute to sustainable development improvements in the practices and policies.