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On the rise: Figure 1: Real average earnings for production and non-supervisory workers, CPI deflated (blue), chained CPI deflated (tan), both in 2023$. Chained CPI seasonally adjusted by author using X-13 (in logs). Source: BLS via FRED and author's calculations. It's appropriate to ask what's happening to the median wage. I don't have the levels, […]

Before the financial crisis, the Baltic States had the highest growth rate of the Gross domestic product (hereinafter – GDP) in the European Union. Also, these States were called "the Baltic tigers". During the crisis, the decline of GDP was the highest in the Baltic States. After the crisis, economic indicators of Estonia economy had the highest growth rates in the European Union. Such progress and life quality in Estonia surprises the other two neighboring Baltic States – Latvia and Lithuania. However, GDP of Lithuania exceeds the GDP indicator of Estonia almost twice in absolute value (Eurostat). Since October 1, 2014, the minimum monthly wage in Lithuania increased by 3.5 percent. Based on information provided by the European Union Statistics (hereinafter – Eurostat), from 2004, the average wage in the Baltic States on average increased by 8.2, 10.3, and 7.7 percent per annum. It should be emphasized that the growth rate of the average wage in monetary expression significantly fell behind the actual decline rate of the wage purchasing power. During the period of 2004-2013, the purchasing power and value of the average wage in the Baltic States has decreased in respectively assessing by the standard coefficient of inflation and the "Gold Standard".

AbstractThe aggregate average wage is often used as an indicator of economic performance and welfare, and as such often serves as a benchmark for changes in the generosity of public transfers and for wage negotiations. Yet if economies experience a high degree of (non‐random) fluctuation in employment, the composition of the employed population will have a considerable effect on the computed average. In this paper we demonstrate the extent of this problem using data for Poland for the period 1996–2003. During these years the employment rate in Poland fell from 51.2 percent to 44.2 percent and most of this fall occurred between the end of 1998 and the end of 2002. We show that about a quarter of the growth in the average wage during this period could be attributed purely to changes in employment.

This study aims to find fresh evidences of the effects of horizontal spillover, trade orientation, and firm characteristics on real wages moderated by five categories of ownership. Based on an exploration of 2007–2015 Vietnamese firm-level data collected by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the findings reveal significantly positive effects of horizontal spillover and export orientation on average wages. In contrast, import orientation negatively affects wages. The results are supported by the literature of labor market competition and productivity improvement. Importantly, the effect of horizontal spillovers from FDI and trade on average wage varies significantly across ownership types. Although horizontal spillover and the gender ratio have no overall influence on average wages, they do have negative effects on wages in Vietnamese domestic private. Besides, the firm characteristics such as firms' real output, capital intensity, market share, and net income are also important predictors for the rise of the firm-level average wage in Vietnam.

In der Studie werden aus verschiedenen Quellen die Wachstumsraten des Durchschnittslohns seit 1850 dargestellt, und zwar
- die Wachstumsrate des jährlichen durchschnittlichen Arbeitseinkommens von 1850 bis 1951 (nach Walther G. Hoffmann),
- die Wachstumsrate der durchschnittlichen Bruttoarbeitsentgelte nach der Sozialversicherung,
- die Wachstumsrate der Brutto-Stundenverdienste der Industriearbeiter und
- die Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens (nach D. Schewe/K. Nordhorn, H.J. Müller und R. Skiba).

Die auf der Hoffmannschen Untersuchung fußende Berechnung der Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens lässt für die Zeit vor 1870 keinen durchgehenden langfristigen Trend erkennen. In den fünfziger Jahren zeigt sich ein deutlicher Anstieg auf fast 4%. Besonders starke Schwankungen nach oben und nach unten ergeben sich in den siebziger Jahren. Mit Beginn der achtziger Jahre setzt dann ein langfristig ansteigender Trend ein. Zwischen 1930 und 1935 weist die Lohnwachstumsrate negative Werte auf. In der Zeit von 1920 bis 1967 kann ein langfristig steigender Trend der Lohnwachstumsrate von der Mitte der dreißiger Jahre bis 1967 festgestellt werden (sieht man einmal von der Krisenzeit um 1930 und die ersten 6 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ab). In dieser Zeit ist die Lohnwachstumsrate von rund 5% auf rund 8% gestiegen. Die durchschnittliche Wachstumsrate ab 1951 liegt bei rund 7,5%.

Themen

Daten im Recherche- und Downloadsystem HISTAT:

A.1 Die Wachstumsrate der Lohneinkommen im Deutschen Reich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1850-1959)
B.1 Die Entwicklung der Wachstumsrate des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens im Deutschen Reich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1917-1967)
B.2 Wachstumsrate der Lohneinkommen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1951-1968)