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This paper explores the alternative financial instruments that are or could become available to Georgian SMEs. Through the examination of various secondary sources and several interviews with relevant stakeholders, the paper identifies obstacles and opportunities in the path toward development of two asset-based instruments (leasing and factoring) and two equity-based instruments (crowdfunding and venture capital) that currently have limited availability and/or are being discussed by the regulatory authority of the country. The paper also looks into several innovative practices that are increasingly being implemented around the world to support the creation of alternative sources of finance, namely open banking, regulatory sandboxes, digital banks, and central bank digital currency (CBDC). Based on secondary sources, the paper also includes three case studies on Lithuania, Poland, and Israel. Meanwhile, the paper ultimately provides several recommendations to foster the development of the alternative instruments reviewed in the paper in Georgia.

Offers advice on making loans in the residential market. Briefly
discusses the market. Offers pointers on structuring a loan. Explores
some financing options. Tabulates some examples.

Dans un article précédent nous avons présenté les résultats d'une expérience concue pour mettre à l'épreuve certaines prédictions d'une théorie formelle de la relation interpersonnelle en ce qui à trait a l'émergence des anticipations de conduite lorsque plusieurs sources d'évaluation de cette conduite anticipee sont disponibles a un individu, Dans cet article nous formulons deux alternatives additionnelles qui sont théoriquement plausibles, les multiples prédictions em‐piriques qu'elles engendrent, et une évaluation de ces trois formulations particu‐lières à la lumière des données existantes. De ces trois formulations, seule la première est appuyee par nos donnees empiriques. Voici de quelle manière elle s'exprime: mis en présence de plusieurs sources d'évaluation l'individu intègre l'ensemble des éléments de l'évaluation plutot que de (a) choisir seu‐lement la meilleure source disponible, ou (b) d'utiliser la source la moins bonne comme une ≪source négative≫, ou encore de se servir de l'évaluation de celui dont l'exactitude ne peut etre mise en doute.In an earlier paper we reported the results of an experiment designed to test certain predictions of a formal theory of interpersonal behaviour concerning the formation of performance expectations when multiple sources of performance evaluation were available to an individual. In this paper we present two additional theoretically reasonable alternative formulations, the different empirical predictions derivable from them, and an evaluation of the three formulations in the light of the existing data. Of the three, only the original formulation received clear empirical support. This formulation holds that when faced with multiple sources of evaluation, the individual combines the evaluations received, rather than (a) selecting only the best source available, or (b) using the lower source as a "negative source," or someone whose evaluation is so likely to be incorrect as to provide an accurate measure of the correct evaluation.

"This book sets out a framework for the economic analysis of different funding sources. It examines a series of new and controversial proposals, including global taxes such as a carbon tax, a global lottery, pre-commitment of aid, increased private donations, and increased remittances by emigrants"--Provided by publisher

"More than 1,700 official, documentary, semi-official and non- official sources of information on the finances and economics of twenty-six European countries, sixteen Latin-American countries, Canada, Australia and certain Asiatic and Far-eastern countries." ; On cover: A bibliography for those interested in foreign securities. ; Mode of access: Internet.