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This is one of the first books on U.S. foreign policy and NATO in the international system published in the immediate wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The book assesses the extent to which the Russian invasion of Ukraine pushed both the U.S. and NATO into making necessary changes to contend with a multipolar world structured in terms of Cold War 2.0 great power competition. The North Atlantic space is now a complex and complicated strategic environment. In addition to the persistent confrontation between NATO and Russia over Ukraine, multi-dimensional security challenges emanate from China. In addition, hybrid war operations and competition over advanced technologies are fast becoming disruptive threats as are transnational threats like climate change, pandemics, and migration. Moreover, a Cold War 2.0 system of tension and rivalry is playing out along military, economic, and technological lines with two bounded orders between the U.S. and NATO allies on one side and China and Russia on the other. The consequences will likely force to NATO wrestle with whether the alliance is transatlantic with a global outlook or a global alliance with responsibility for upholding the liberal world order.