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This paper analyses factors influencing effective service delivery at the grassroots level in Nepal, through a qualitative field study which includes in-depth interviews with 110 community-based organisations (CBOs) and five focus group discussions. The findings indicate that a wide range of governance arrangements have been deployed in the effort to achieve effective service delivery. However, many CBOs lack a solid governance system for their development undertakings, leading to poor performance and lack of accountability. A number of factors are identified as causing this weak practical application of community governance, notably institutional mechanisms, socio-economic structures, power politics and interests, capacity limitations and resource constraints.

Internet usage has shown drastic growth in the initial half of the year 2015 in India. The user base has increased over 354 million and with this India has become the top second country after China in terms of internet usage. Facebook is the prime social networking site which is used by 96% of urban users, followed by Google Plus (61%), Twitter (43%) and LinkedIn (24%). This extensive use of social media by the public had attracted the attention of the politicians to use it for election campaigns and has given researchers a reason to find out how politicians are engaging the public through this platform. Influence of Social media on the electorate has been proved from its successful use in the US presidential election in 2008 and by political parties in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections in India. This paper intends to explore the use of social media and its effectiveness in political elections through an extensive literature review. Social media has become an effective tool for political engagement and political participation as it is a low cost media as compared to traditional media. The low cost of this media has made it one of the main source to get information for advanced analysis and in-depth understanding of the electoral process. This paper will provide an insight to politicians, political analysts, journalists and electoral candidates regarding social media usage. The paper will also present a future research agenda to study how political parties can benefit from use of social media and change their strategies to engage workers and the voters.

Abstract A decade of research in Switzerland, The Netherlands, Germany, and Spain now constitutes a massive body of work supporting the use of heroin treatment for the most difficult patients addicted to opiates. These trials concur on this method's safety and efficacy and are now serving as a prelude to the institution of heroin treatment in clinical practice throughout Europe. While the different sampling and research protocols for heroin treatment in these studies were important to the academic claims about specific results and conclusions that could be drawn from each study, the overall outcomes were quite clear – and uniformly positive. They all find that the use of prescribed pharmaceutical heroin does exactly what it is intended to do: it reaches a treatment refractory group of addicts by engaging them in a positive healthcare relationship with a physician, it reduces their criminal activity, improves their health status, and increases their social tenure through more stable housing, employment, and contact with family. The Canadian trial (NAOMI), now underway for over a year, but not yet completed, now faces a dilemma about what to do with its patients who have successfully completed 12 months of heroin and must be withdrawn from heroin and transferred to other treatments in accordance with the research protocol approved by Government of Canada, federal granting body and host institutions. The problem is that the principal criterion for acceptance to NAOMI was their history of repeated failure in these very same treatment programs to which they will now be referred. The existence of the results from abroad (some of which were not yet available when NAOMI was designed and initiated) now raises a very important question for Canada: is it ethical to continue to prohibit the medical use of heroin treatment that has already been shown to be feasible and effective in numerous medical studies throughout the world? And while this is being worked out, is it acceptable to require patients who have been successfully treated with heroin in Canada, to be forced to move back to less effective treatments (treatments that failed to be efficacious in the past)? This essay discusses this dilemma and places it in the broader context of ethics, science, and health policy. It makes the case for continuation of the current successful patients in heroin treatment and the institution of heroin treatment to all Canadian patients living with active addictions who qualify.

This study examines how active participation, financial commitment, and passive participation in the leading social live-streaming service, Twitch.tv, relate to individuals' psychological well-being. The three dimensions of social capital—structural, relational, and cognitive—as well as parasocial relationship are explored as mediators. Cross-sectional survey data from 396 respondents was analyzed by comparing two fully saturated structural equation models. Findings indicate actively participating in a favorite streamers' Chat is positively associated with increased well-being. Structural social capital, or having more social interaction ties, positively mediates the relationship between active participation and well-being, as well as financial commitment and well-being. Greater cognitive social capital, or shared values and goals with a favorite streamer, is related to decreased well-being. Parasocial relationship does not significantly mediate the relationship between use and well-being. Our results demonstrate the importance of tangible social ties over the perceived relationships or identification with a favorite streamer.

The study is aboutthe Resistance movement against the state social case study PTPN Damak Maliho in ancient 2008-2009.The main discussion is betweenpeasants' groups with PTPN IV at deli Serdang district, Damak Maliho, and the role of peasants' groups in reversion land rights.The conclusion isthat the root of the problem is a scramble for the land of 198 ha state of the community with PTPN IV in Damak Maliho, Bangun Purba's District, Deli Serdang is a state of each other claims of land between the village community with PTPN IV of 198 acres of land. Second, the strategy is taken by leaders the base states peasants' village Damak Maliho to demand land rights by occupying the land. Third, analysis Karl Marx saw the result of this research concluded that countries' indecisivenessin seeing the conflicts causes losses to peasants.

A Agroecologia traz em si a ideia de construção de práticas agrícolas fundamentadas no diálogo de saberes entre a ciência moderna e técnicas de manejo tradicionais e se propõe a romper com os paradigmas da Agricultura Convencional. Nesse contexto, surgem práticas tecnológicas que contribuem para a geração de trabalho e renda, em atividades comunitárias, participativas, de baixo impacto econômico e ambiental, inclusivas e socialmente mobilizadoras. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar de que maneira produtores e produtoras agroecológicos na Paraíba tem incorporado Tecnologia Social (TS) em seus sistemas e de que modo a TS relacionada às práticas sustentáveis têm influenciado os sistemas agrários e o meio rural paraibano, tornando-os mais próximos das práticas e princípios agroecológicos. Com base na análise documental produzida por projetos de desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Social relacionadas ao ambiente rural e por uma pesquisa bibliográfica, verificou-se que há uma concentração de projetos no semiárido, ligados ao desenvolvimento de artefatos tecnológicos hídricos e que, embora existam diversas experiências e projetos promissores, poderiam ter sua capacidade de abrangência e impacto aumentados se recebessem o apoio e incentivo do Estado através de políticas públicas permanentes de fomento destas iniciativas.

In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the concept of social capital in attempting to explain the success or failure of policy delivery within the modern state. Much of the resulting research has, however, been conducted within a developing countries context. This article seeks to examine the concept of social capital within the context of contemporary GB. It explores the existence & effect of social capital through case studies in three local environmental policy contexts. In doing so, the article suggests that the potential to develop social capital may be affected by both the underlying nature of collective action problems & by the historic pattern of policy delivery by the local state. 2 Figures, 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

El artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las opiniones de adolescentes en situación de riesgo por la violencia y delincuencia en Xalapa, Poza Rica, Puerto de Veracruz y Coatzacoalcos, municipios ubicados en el estado de Veracruz, México. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en polígonos en situación de pobreza determinados por la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social. Para realizar la investigación se hizo un muestreo en escuelas de primarias y secundarias ubicadas en las zonas de estudio. En el estudio participaron 434 adolescentes de edades entre 10 y 14 años. La estrategia de análisis de los datos fue descriptiva y correlacional. La información fue analizada con el software SPSS versión 25. Encontramos que las y los adolescentes identifican de manera clara los problemas en la familia, escuela, colonia y país, sin embargo, están dispuestos a trabajar por un cambio social. El 72% de las y los encuestados se mira en diez años como profesionista, el 69 % en diez años se mira trabajando o estudiando. Cabe señalar que, la desigualdad social, las prácticas sociales, el contexto y la cultura limitan su bienestar social. Por lo anterior, planteamos un modelo de intervención social desde la gerencia social, donde ellos sean quienes tomen decisiones para su futuro a partir del capital económico, social, cultural y simbólico acumulado.

Se presentan 12 documentos preparados por expertos de América Latina, el Caribe y Europa, referidos a las cuatro áreas problemáticas focalizadas por el proyecto de Recal: reformas laborales y políticas de generación de empleo; finanzas públicas, sistemas de pensiones y desigualdades sociales. Adicionalemte, se trabajó transversalmente la cuestión del vínculo de cooperación entre ambas regiones para hacer frente a los retos comunes relacionados con los temas tratados. (DÜI-Recal)

Intro -- Contents -- Prologue -- 1. Paris, 1900 -- World of Iron -- Explaining Social Politics -- 2. The Atlantic World -- Landscapes -- Progressive Politics -- 3. Twilight of Laissez-Faire -- Natural Acts and Social Desires -- Professing Economics -- 4. The Self-Owned City -- The Collectivism of Urban Life -- Cities on a Hill -- 5. Civic Ambitions -- Private Property, Public Designs -- "City Planning in Justice to the Working Population" -- 6. The Wage Earners' Risks -- Workingmen's Insurance -- Fields of Interest -- 7. War Collectivism -- Europe, 1914 -- Society "More or Less Molten" -- 8. Rural Reconstruction -- Cooperative Farming -- Island Communities -- 9. The Machine Age -- The American Invasion of Europe -- The Politics of Modernism -- 10. New Deal -- The Intellectual Economy of Catastrophe -- Solidarity Imagined -- 11. London, 1942 -- The Plan to Abolish Want -- The Phoenix of Exceptionalism -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index.