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Key factors for high growth with equity : the Taiwan experience, 1952-1990 / Speaker: S.W.Y. Kuo ; Discussant: H. Patrick -- Prospects for economic performance in the Pacific Rim during the 1990s and the early 21st century / Speaker: A.Y.C. Koo ; Discussants: L.J. Lau and H.S. Cheng -- Prospects and problems for the advanced industrial economies of the Asia-Pacific area / Speaker: L.R. Klein ; Discussant: H. Patrick -- The sources of economic growth of the newly industrialized countries of the Pacific Rim / Speakers: J.I. Kim and L.J. Lau ; Discussant: V. Su -- Special problems of Asean economies : Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand / Speaker: V. Socatiyanurak -- Special problems of other developing countries of the Pacific Basin : the economies in transition of Southeast Asia and China, and of the Pacific Islands / Speaker: J.P.A. Verbiest -- Some general equilibrium model estimates of the impact of the Uruguay round and of the "1992" process in the European community on the newly industrialized countries of East Asia / Speakers: J. Waelbroeck, J.M. Burniaux and M. Hadhri -- Demography and aggregate saving / Speaker: A. Ando ; Discussant: G. Ranis -- Economic nexus between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits : with special emphasis on Hong Kong's role / Speaker: T.B. Lin -- Economic basis of integration within the Pacific Basin : a summary / Speaker: C. Moriguchi ; Discussant: C.Y. Liu -- Technological trends in the Pacific Basin / Speakers: M. Saito and I. Tokutsu ; Discussant: C. Schive -- Primary production and trade in the Pacific Basin / Speaker: J.T.H. Tsao -- Economic relations of the Pacific Basin with restructuring Central Europe and the former Soviet Union / Speaker: A. Simon -- Correlation between political changes and economic changes in Asia : past, present and future / Speaker: H. Kanamori ; Discussant: J.C.H. Fei -- Stock markets in Pacific Basin countries / Speaker: M. Reran -- Financial markets in the Pacific Basin: an inside view / Speaker: S.C. Shieh ; Discussant: K.-S. Liang.

Inside the Great House explores the nature of family life and kinship in planter households of the Chesapeake during the eighteenth century-a pivotal era in the history of the American family. Drawing on a wide assortment of personal documents-among them wills, inventories, diaries, family letters, memoirs, and autobiographies-as well as on the insights of such disciplines as psychology, demography, and anthropology, Daniel Blake Smith examines family values and behavior in a plantation society. Focusing on the emotional texture of the household, he probes deeply into personal values and relationships within the family and the surrounding circle of kin. Childrearing practices, male-female relationships, attitudes toward courtship and marriage, father-son ties, the character and influence of kinship, familial responses to illness and death, and the importance of inheritance-all receive extended treatment. A striking pattern of change emerges from this mosaic of life in the colonial South. What had once been a patriarchal, authoritarian, and emotionally restrained family environment altered profoundly during the latter half of the eighteenth century. The personal documents cited by Smith clearly point to the development after 1750 of a more intimate, child-centered family life characterized by close emotional bonds and by growing autonomy-especially for sons-in matters of marriage and career choice. Well-to-do planter families inculcated in their children a strong measure of selfconfidence and independence, as well as an abiding affection for their family society. Smith shows that Americans in the North as well as in the South were developing an altered view of the family and the world beyond it-a perspective which emphasized a warm and autonomous existence. This fascinating study will convince its readers that the history of the American family is intimately connected with the dramatic changes in the lives of these planter families of the eighteenth-century Chesapeake

"This book is an introduction to demography, the scientific study of population. In it I have attempted to summarize what is known about the subject of population and to describe the methods and techniques by which that knowledge has been attained. The volume is therefore concerned with sources of data and methodology fully as much as with known facts about, and relationships among, demographic phenomena. The attempt has been made to treat the subjects in language that can be readily understood by the advanced undergraduate in college or university. The bulk of the data pertains to the United States, since these data are most readily available and because the American student is most concerned with materials about his own country. However, no effort has been spared to assemble comparable information from other portions of the world so that the situation in the United States may be compared with, or contrasted to, that in other great world regions. Naturally the reports of the various censuses taken in this country, from the first to the sixteenth, are the sources of many of the facts. Together these reports form the world's greatest repository of demographic information. Any student of the social sciences would be well paid for taking a semester's work in population even though the course did no more than familiarize him with the reports of the decennial census and the annual publications on vital statistics. The value of the primary materials gathered by the Bureau of the Census has been greatly enhanced by the excellent analytical efforts on the part of demographers during the last quarter of a century. It can rightfully be said that population study is among the most rapidly advancing parts of social science"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)

The subject of this study is the relationship between state and municipal authorities, representatives of business sector, the population of certain territories in terms of the need for physical interaction between government and business, which ultimately affects the location of the population. The goal is to prove that Russia's big business itself strives to be physically closer to the authorities, which does not have a positive effect on the processes of urbanization. In its turn, foreign experience demonstrates more effective options for the relationship between state and business that do not affect other social processes. In this work, the author uses statistical method, the method of modeling in terms of formulating the author's proposals, expert assessments, comparative legal method, as well as general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis. The work shows close relationship between business and public authorities in the Russian Federation, which is due to the territorial location of a large number of people in the area where there are conditions for such interaction. The described situation is not characteristic of most foreign countries. Some variants of influence for overcoming the specified problem are offered. Scope of the results: public administration system, including the processes of state influence on economic entities. Also, individual proposals can be applied in urban planning, solving issues of demography and urbanization. Russia is characterized by a very close relationship between state power and the commercial sector, which significantly distinguishes it from most of other countries, at least in terms of territorial structure. This situation has a negative impact on a large number of social institutions, and therefore it is necessary to take a number of organizational measures, including the use of administration of planning and urban planning activities based on foreign experience.

The study develops and implements a methodology for assessing the prospects for increasing the birth rate, subject to state incentives for grandparental labor. This is understood as the activity of grandparents, during which the care and development of grandchildren are carried out and which is accompanied by the time costs of the grandparents, which, in turn, reduce the corres­ponding costs of parents for the implementation of parental labor. Grandparental labor has a certain content, it is associated with the expenditure of time and other resources of the progenitors, its activation implies a set of social, economic, demographic effects, one of which may be an increase
in the birth rate. We have developed a methodology for assessing such an effect under the condition of state stimulation of grandparental labor. Data collected during surveys of two categories of the population – parents and grandparents with children and grandchildren under the age of 12, respectively, were used as sources of information. The surveys were conducted in the Sverdlovsk Region in the summer of 2021. The main results of the analysis are as follows: a methodology has been developed that allows us to obtain quantitative estimates of the prospects for the growth of the Russian birth rate, subject to state incentives for the parental work of grandparents; partial testing of the developed methodology has allowed us to obtain estimates that allow us to positively assess the prospects for the growth of the Russian birth rate in the first approximation, subject to state incentives for the parental work of grandparents in relation to their grandchildren. The results of the study provide an opportunity to get a more complete picture of the effects of activating and introducing incentives for grandparental labor, create a basis for improving the indicators and measures of the federal project «Older Generation» of the national project «Demography».

We review creation and maintenance of nationwide individual level Linked Consumer Registers as DigitalFootprints Data and their use to create timely, inclusive annual neighbourhood scale research ready datasets of social and spatial mobility. Outputs include annual estimates of neighbourhood churn, neighbourhood deprivation following moves, energy usage and 'housing career' measures.
Individual level names and addresses are harvested from public Electoral Registers and consumer sources from 1997-2023. A novel 'migration model' is developed to georeference records and link them across years. The provenance of data and methods are documented in metadata to accompany derivative research ready data extracts pertaining to residential mobility occurrences and outcomes. Novel methods are developed to reveal the probable gender, ethnicity and age characteristics of all households. Data are then linked to property level Zoopla rental listings, Land Registry/Registers of Scotland transactions and energy performance statistics to link household characteristics to properties occupied before and after moves.
Results provide annual nationwide updates of neighbourhood household structure, ethnicity and demography that, subject to disclosure controls, can be honed to any convenient geography. They are validated against decennial census statistics and compared with midyear population estimates. Linkage to external datasets enables further external validation of methods used to infer moves and plug known omissions in the registers. Application of individual level demographic models makes it possible to model household structure and individual ethnic, age and gender characteristics. Summary linked and annually updated research ready datasets pertaining to neighbourhood residential churn, ethnicity, distances of residential moves housing careers and domestic energy usage are then produced.
The research is an ambitious linkage of individual and property level consumer and administrative datasets. Individual level linkage and modelling provides analytical flexibility in research ready data creation, and data linkage can be expedited for any period for which name and address data are available.

This article explores how complex globalization processes play out in early childhood education (ECE) in Denmark. The article builds on two concepts of globalization: First, we understand globalization as the ways in which transnational educational policy discourses characterized by neoliberal pedagogical values affect national and local policies. Second, we understand globalization as ways in which cultural diversity as a product of global migration processes is discursively constructed as constituting specific "problems" for early childhood education. Drawing on the first concept of globalization, the article explores how a key policy document, The Strengthened Learning Plan (the SLP), is recontextualized and "put into action" in practice, and whether it leads to practices characterized by globalized neoliberal values at the cost of Nordic pedagogical ideals. We show that the SLP is enacted in very different ways in different centers, giving very different emphasis to globalized and Nordic ideals, respectively, and thus that the globalization of Danish ECE is by no means unambiguous. Looking more closely into the different enactments of the SLP, it becomes clear that they are closely connected to discursive constructions of the demography of the center: Constructions of ethnic minority children draw on culturalized categorizations where children are seen as vulnerable and as lacking, whereas constructions of ethnic majority children draw on non-culturalized categorizations where children are seen as natural and resourceful. Drawing on the second concept of globalization, we argue that the different enactments of early childhood policy build on connections between constructions of cultural diversity (or the lack thereof) and the construction of pedagogical "problems." As such, the different enactments of the SLP—including those that prioritize Nordic ideals—represent globalization in the sense of constructions of cultural diversity that pose specific problems for early childhood education. Building on these findings, the article argues that the two globalization processes intersect, mutually shaping each other, and affecting how policies are enacted in pedagogical practice.

Fiqh, or in another term were called as Islamic jurisprudence, are the conceptions which are required by the Muslims to organize their interests in all aspects of life, provide the basics of the system of worship, administration, commerce, politics, social, and civilization. This article aims to trace and elaborate on the term "Civilization Fiqh.," or known as "Fiqh Peradaban". It was initiated by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) towards its one-century birth. By exploring and unraveling the genealogy of substantive thinking on the countenance of NU Fiqh as the epistemological basis for the ideas of "Civilization Fiqh". The library method is used in writing this article. This article uses a descriptive-analytic approach; it tries to explain in an analytical-consistent manner through rigorous reading to unravel the transmission of the NU Fiqh reasoning constructions to obtain a fresh and modern formulation of "Civilization Fiqh." The results of the discussion of this article include 1) It needs reading and interpretation of the reasoning of the Pesantren tradition to redefine the Islamic scientific tradition, which is seen as less adaptive to the changing realities of the new world order but has not lost its identity by the currents of modernity; 2) NU needs to expand the discussion of "Civilization Fiqh" not only on political issues and the nation-state. This genealogically was carried about simultaneously by NU activists, academics, ulama, even PBNU itself (2000-2019). Issues related to human rights (labor fiqh), injustice, gender (women fiqh), extraordinary crime (anti-corruption fiqh), and environmental destruction (energy fiqh, waste management fiqh). So it is no exaggeration if "Civilization Fiqh" in the future can discuss the reality of 21st-century society: free economy, internet technology society of think, building the smallest nation element: family with counter-discourse which capture the trending issue of childfree, demography fiqh, etc.

One of the characteristics of labor potential is the ability to work among its carriers indiv i duals, groups and the population, by which are also studied other characteristics (demography, health, social and economic activity, professional competencies, etc.). On the basis of working capacity is determined the most general indicator of the labor potential of population, namely, labor resources. This indicator is structured according to a number of qualitative parameters. They make it possible to identify labor resources used in public production, as well as unused reserves. Their involvement in labor is becoming relevant in the context of the modern need to increase the self-sufficiency of the economy, and hence, to increase these resources. However, their growth is limited for demographic reasons. To assess the available reserves, labor resources are ranked according to the characteristics of economic activity. In descending order, the categories are distinguished according to their relation to the labor force: the real labor force (employed and unemployed), potential labor force (not employed, but willing to work) and not included in the labor force (not willing to work). Calculations for these categories showed that in 2021, the real labor force dominated in the labor force (85.6%). The potential contingent accounted for a miserable amount (slightly more than one percent), and for those who did not want to work — a little more than 10%. But among those not included in the labor force, more than two thirds of this category were those who had objective reasons for being unemployed, as well as those employed in unpaid but useful domestic work. Factors influencing the structure of labor resources are considered by regions of the Russian Federation. They showed dependence of this structure on the birth rate, aging of the population, internal migration, and, above all, on the parameters of employment and unemployment, which play a leading role among the factors for improving this structure.

Children's health and its protection is a matter of special concern to every society and state. Today's children are the future of the country, the basis of its socio-economic potential. It is in childhood that the foundations of health and self-preserving behavior are formed.The formation of a child's health largely depends on the conditions that the family can provide, on the health practices that parents and the immediate social environment adhere to. The correct interpretation of the health of children by parents is of a great practical importance, as it makes it possible to correct it, prevent the consequences of diseases and timely seek for medical help.Based on the analysis of the literature and the latest statistical data, the article attempts to analyze the health of children in modern Russia, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main focus is shifted to the area of ​​parents' assessment of children's health. It is concluded that parents overestimate the potential of children's health and underestimate behavioral health risk factors, which leads to insufficient attention to preventive measures to preserve it. At the same time, the author does not ignore the issue of the difficulty of maintaining a healthy lifestyle in difficult economic conditions, under which a high proportion of families with children live in Russia, especially families with many children.The empirical basis of the work is the study of the Department of Family Sociology and Demography of the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University "Interregional studies of life values ​​and non-transitivity of family-child orientations of women, men and married couples based on a cross-cutting analysis of comparable data" (SeDOZH, N = 2479 people). In order to conduct a comparative analysis, the author obtained additional data on the topic of work, including studies by Russian and foreign authors on the problem as well as research centers in Russia.

Long-term socio-cultural change is a non-linear process involving demography, economy, culture, social organizations, symbols and ideas. It is generally marked by succession of social formations with different organizational requirements and "worldviews". The concept of emergent complexity used in this paper thus refers to the punctuated shift that led to the formation of social ranking and socio-political centralization. Five successive social formations of varying duration have been reconstructed in the ca. 4000 years long development of the Houlouf polity located the Cameroonian portion of the Chadian plain:
1) – small scattered pastoral-nomadic groups;
2) – autonomous mixed-farming communities;
3) – competing and rival peer-polities;
4) – ranked and centralized polity – Chiefdom in local political terms -; and finally,
5) – paramount chiefdom – Sultanate in local political lexicon-.
This paper, anchored on high resolution paleoclimatological data and changes in regional settlement location and distribution, outlines the main steps of that evolutionary process. The dimensions investigated include settlement dynamics, political economy, the production and use of material culture, as well as their connected patterns of exchange from 1900 BCE to 1800 CE. A short review of research on trade in West African archaeology shows that the study of long-distance exchange tends to focus on characterization and provenience analyses of in-coming raw materials and goods. Important as it is such an approach does not provide access to the internal dynamics of the receiving societies. This paper examines the concomitant changes in site-location, flows, distribution, and consumption of long-distance traded items, patterns of craft specialization and production intensification, showing that they were part of interlocked feed-back loops. Evidence of intensification of local production geared to export is systematically documented in their chrono-cultural contexts for the first time. These deviating/amplifying feed-back loops triggered a dynamic that resulted in the emergence of five successive social formations in the Houlouf region ca. 4000 years evolutionary sequence.

Polyploidy has played an important role in evolution across the tree of life but it is still unclear how polyploid lineages may persist after their initial formation. While both common and well-studied in plants, polyploidy is rare in animals and generally less understood. The Australian burrowing frog genus Neobatrachus is comprised of six diploid and three polyploid species and offers a powerful animal polyploid model system. We generated exome-capture sequence data from 87 individuals representing all nine species of Neobatrachus to investigate species-level relationships, the origin and inheritance mode of polyploid species, and the population genomic effects of polyploidy on genus-wide demography. We describe rapid speciation of diploid Neobatrachus species and show that the three independently originated polyploid species have tetrasomic or mixed inheritance. We document higher genetic diversity in tetraploids, resulting from widespread gene flow between the tetraploids, asymmetric inter-ploidy gene flow directed from sympatric diploids to tetraploids, and isolation of diploid species from each other. We also constructed models of ecologically suitable areas for each species to investigate the impact of climate on differing ploidy levels. These models suggest substantial change in suitable areas compared to past climate, which correspond to population genomic estimates of demographic histories. We propose that Neobatrachus diploids may be suffering the early genomic impacts of climate-induced habitat loss, while tetraploids appear to be avoiding this fate, possibly due to widespread gene flow. Finally, we demonstrate that Neobatrachus is an attractive model to study the effects of ploidy on the evolution of adaptation in animals. ; P.Y.N acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship from The Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), 12S9618N. This work was also supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant number ERC-StG 679056 ...

Against the backdrop of global change, in terms of both climate and demography, there is a pressing need for monitoring of the global water cycle. The publicly available global database is very limited in its spatial and temporal coverage worldwide. Moreover, the acquisition of in situ data and their delivery to the database have been in decline since the late 1970s, be it for economical or political reasons. Given the insufficient monitoring from in situ gauge networks, and with no outlook for improvement, spaceborne approaches have been under investigation for some years now. Satellite-based Earth observation with its global coverage and homogeneous accuracy has been demonstrated to be a potential alternative to in situ measurements. This paper presents HydroSat as a database containing geometric quantities of the global water cycle from geodetic satellites. HydroSat provides time series and their uncertainty in water level from satellite altimetry, surface water extent from satellite imagery, terrestrial water storage anomaly represented in equivalent water height from satellite gravimetry, lake and reservoir water volume anomaly from a combination of satellite altimetry and imagery, and river discharge from either satellite altimetry or imagery. The spatial and temporal coverage of these datasets varies and depends on the availability of geodetic satellites. These products, which are complementary to existing products, can contribute to our understanding of the global water cycle within the Earth system in several ways. They can be incorporated for hydrological modeling, they can be complementary to current and future spaceborne observations, and they can define indicators of the past and future state of the global freshwater system. HydroSat is publicly available through http://hydrosat.gis.uni-stuttgart.de (last access: 18 May 2022). Moreover, a snapshot of all the data (taken in April 2021) is available in GFZ Data Services at https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2021.017 ( Tourian et al. , 2021 ) .

Obtaining accurate, precise and timely spatial information on the distribution and dynamics of urban green space is crucial in understanding livability of the cities and urban dwellers. Inspired from the importance of spatial information in planning urban lives, and availability of state-of-the-art remote sensing data and technologies in open access forms, in this work, we develop a simple three-level hierarchical mapping of urban green space with multiple usability to various stakeholders. We utilize the established Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold on Sentinel-2A Earth Observation image data to classify the urban vegetation of each Victorian Local Government Area (LGA). Firstly, we categorize each LGA region into two broad classes as vegetation and non-vegetation; secondly, we further categorize the vegetation regions of each LGA into two sub-classes as shrub (including grassland) and trees; thirdly, for both shrub and trees classes, we further classify them as stressed and healthy. We not only map the urban vegetation in hierarchy but also develop Urban Green Space Index (UGSI) and Per Capita Green Space (PCGS) for the Victorian Local Government Areas (LGAs) to provide insights on the association of demography with urban green infrastructure using urban spatial analytics. To show the efficacy of the applied method, we evaluate our results using a Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform across different NDVI threshold ranges. The evaluation result shows that our method produces excellent performance metrics such as mean precision, recall, f-score and accuracy. In addition to this, we also prepare a recent Sentinel-2A dataset and derived products of urban green space coverage of the Victorian LGAs that are useful for multiple stakeholders ranging from bushfire modellers to biodiversity conservationists in contributing to sustainable and resilient urban lives.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the main infectious diseases threatening global health, which is also the main cause of death from a single source of infection (above HIV/AIDS). China is a country with a high burden of tuberculosis in the world, ranking only behind India and Indonesia. However, there are few ecological studies on the burden of tuberculosis in China. This study aims to provide more research basis for the government to formulate tuberculosis policies by exploring the ecological factors associated with the incidence of tuberculosis, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating tuberculosis by 2030. METHODS: We collected data on the incidence of tuberculosis and ecological factors of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in Mainland China (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau) from 2002 to 2018. We constructed a framework of ecological factors affecting the incidence, which consists of 5 secondary indicators and 35 tertiary indicators. And we construct a dynamic panel data model based on the Lasso Regression to select variables to test the effect of each ecological factor on the incidence. RESULTS: Among the 35 tertiary indicators, economy 3,4,6,7, environment 1, recourses 1,3, demography 3, and lifecare 2,4,8,9,13 passed the significance test at the 1% level, economy 1,2,5, environment 2,9, lifecare 6,12 passed the significance test at the 5% level, lifecare 10 passed the significance test at the 10% level. Only economy 5 and economy 6 have a positive impact on the incidence, other statistically significant ecological indicators are negatively correlated with the incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that many ecological factors, including residents' income, unemployment rate, educational level, medical resources, population density, sunshine duration and dietary structure, are closely related to the incidence of tuberculosis. These findings contribute the government to taking targeted measures for tuberculosis prevention and control, including improving the level of ...