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Journal of High Energy Physics 2016.1 (2016): 166 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) ; Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el nombre del que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere y los autores que firman como pertenecientes a la UAM ; A search is presented for a singly produced excited bottom quark (b∗ ) decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the all-hadronic, lepton+jets, and dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 are used. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to standard model expectations. We set limits at 95% confidence on the product of the b∗ quark production cross section and its branching fraction to tW. The cross section limits are interpreted for scenarios including left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like couplings of the b∗ quark and are presented in the two dimensional coupling plane based on the production and decay coupling constants. The masses of the left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like b∗ quark states are excluded at 95% confidence below 1390, 1430, and 1530 GeV, respectively, for benchmark couplings. This analysis gives the most stringent limits on the mass of the b∗ quark to date ; Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives / CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Cîencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K.; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the OPUS programme of the National Science Center (Poland); the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); and the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845

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This Sunday, you'll get to watch Republican gubernatorial candidate Greg Gianforte face off with me and Mike Dennison in the MTN
studios on Face the State. I'll post a link once it has been uploaded. This is the first time I've interacted with Mr. Gianforte extensively,
and I thoroughly enjoyed our conversation. It should be an exciting race.


Greg Gianforte: Founder of RightNow Technologies and Republican candidate for Governor




During the show, you'll hear me express skepticism
about Mr. Gianforte's claim that Montana is 49th in wages. I wanted
to provide some context for that discussion, and explain why I don't think this
number is a particularly good measure of Montana's overall economic health--and how I think it undercuts the argument being made by Mr. Gianforte.



As a political scientist, I like quantitative data. At
the same time, when we use quantitative data, it is important to know how the
data are calculated and the potential ways in which that calculation can
introduce bias into our measures. It is true that Montana is not as
economically well-off as other states. But are we really only better than
Mississippi? I found that hard to believe. Here are three other measures of the
economy and how Montana ranks:



U.S. Census

Per Capita Household Income (2014): 38th

Per Capita Income (2014): 34th



Bureau
of Labor Statistics

Unemployment (November 2015): Tied for 12th
(with Kansas)



Not first or even in the top half for per capita or
household income, but not nearly rock bottom as the 49th in wages number
suggests. And the unemployment picture is stellar. So what gives? Do we really
have such low pay?



Back in April, many Montana media outlets reported
that according to tax data compiled by Transactional Records Access
Clearinghouse (TRAC), Montana was 49th in wages. No one took any
time, however, to actually do a deep dig into that number. Once I heard
Gianforte using the number repeatedly during his statewide announcement tour, I
decided to do exactly that. 



I clicked on the methodology portion of the website,
reading carefully about how the wage number is calculated. TRAC took the aggregate
total of wage and salary-based income as reported on individual tax returns and
divided that number by the number of tax returns received from the state. That
led to the determination that at $33,180, Montana is 49th in average
wages—just above Mississippi.



But there are two problems with this method. First,
consider that some people derive no income from wages in a tax year. Some of
these people are retired, some are students, and others live off of capital
gains or other sources of passive income. Yet, these folks need to file a tax
return—but are included in the data to compute the wage average despite having
zero wages. This will serve to drag down the average wages. You might argue
that this is the case in every state—and that's true. But, if a state skews
older (which Montana does) or has a high number of retirees receiving income
from passive investments (see Big Sky, for example), then this biases the wage
average downward. 



(In fact, Florida, New Mexico, West Virginia, South
Dakota, Arkansas, and Maine are all at the bottom 11 and they are some of the
oldest states in the US) 



Second, consider the nature of Montana's economy. In
2015, we ranked number 1 (and, indeed, have been number 1 for quite some time)
in the Kauffman
Index of Startups. Put simply, we are a state full of small businesses and
sole proprietorships—with people eager and willing to take risks. Many farmers,
ranchers, telecommuters, tax accountants, consultants, plumbers, tradespeople and
the like do not report W2 wage income either. I know this because for many
years my wife was a consultant and she had no W2 income. Instead, all of her
income was reported as business income—a separate line of a 1040 form. That
means that many Montanans, who had good jobs, also report zero on the W2 line
of their 1040s. And, that means they drag down the state's wage average, too. Again,
this is a double hit. Their income is included as zero AND they their tax
return is included in the denominator for the overall wage average.



I argue this number very poorly reflects on the state
of Montana's job picture and I am skeptical of its use. There is no doubt
in my mind that Montana can have a stronger economy and there's a path for an
even better future for our state. That's a debate we need to have in this
Governor's race. But it is important, while having a conversation about that
future, that we use the best numbers to decide what policies we need to pursue
to keep Montana the Last (but not 49th), Best Place.

International audience ; L'accident de Fukushima a provoqué une prise de conscience sans précédent concernant l'importance des risques naturels à l'échelle internationale. En mettant en cause plusieurs aspects institutionnels, et notamment les liens de dépendance entre l'autorité de sûreté nucléaire et le ministère de l'industrie japonais, les analyses de l'accident posent également la question de la gouvernance et de la régulation des risques nucléaires avec une acuité nouvelle (Delamotte 2013 ; IAEA 2015). Le projet de recherche pluri-institutionnel AGORAS, lancé en 2013, s'intéresse ainsi à la gestion interorganisationnelle des risques et des accidents nucléaires. Ce projet vise une meilleure compréhension des régimes de régulation (Hood, Rothstein et al. 2001) des risques nucléaires et de leur dynamique d'évolution. La présente communication, qui s'inscrit dans cette action de recherche, s'intéresse à plusieurs instruments de régulation des risques. Ceux-ci sont en effet des composantes notables des régimes de régulation et constituent de véritables « traceurs » des changements qui se produisent tant sur le plan institutionnel, politique, social ou économique. L'étude de leur genèse et l'analyse des processus de transformation et d'appropriation qui leur sont attachés semblent ainsi de nature à permettre de mieux comprendre le régime français de régulation de la sûreté nucléaire et ses évolutions. Le présent papier se propose donc de décrire sous cet angle les premiers résultats d'une étude comparative de plusieurs instruments de régulation des risques climatiques. Ce travail adopte une perspective articulant trois courants de recherche : celui consacré à l'instrumentation de l'action publique, qui a connu des développements importants en France grâce aux recherches de Lascoumes et Le Galès (2005 ; Halpern, Lascoumes et al. 2014) ; des travaux qui analysent la conception et la mise en œuvre d'outils de gestion (Moisdon 1997 ; de Vaujany 2005 ; Aggeri et Labatut 2010) ; les recherches qui appréhendent, dans une perspective macroscopique, à la fois socio-politique et historique, le gouvernement des techno-sciences, dont le nucléaire est à la fois un représentant emblématique et un cas spécifique (Pestre 2014 ; Boudia et Demortain 2014 ; Hecht 2004). Pour cette recherche, nous proposons la définition suivante de l'instrument de régulation des risques : il est un dispositif à la fois technique et social, fondé sur des savoirs produits et mobilisés par un collectif d'acteurs, agissant au sein d'un « régime de régulation des risques », et s'insérant dans un contexte institutionnel et historique spécifique. Notre analyse des processus de conception des instruments de régulation des risques se focalise donc sur les savoirs mobilisés et les cadres cognitifs au sein desquels s'opère la conception de l'instrument ; sur les relations entre acteurs impliqués, considérés comme des représentants des organisations auxquelles ils appartiennent, insérées dans un cadre institutionnel donné ; sur les communautés de travail formées par les acteurs. Notre analyse s'intéresse in fine aux conceptions du rapport régulateur/régulé portées par les instruments, révélées notamment à l'occasion des controverses apparues au cours du processus de conception.D'un point de vue méthodologique, une approche généalogique et comparative dans le domaine des risques climatiques nous a semblé particulièrement adaptée. En effet, ce domaine permet de couvrir une large période, depuis le lancement du parc électronucléaire français jusqu'à aujourd'hui. On peut ainsi appréhender les effets de divers facteurs d'évolution, notamment relatifs au cadre institutionnel de régulation de la sûreté, et tenir compte de l'apparition de problématiques nouvelles. A cet égard, la question plus récente du changement climatique et de ses effets reconnus sur la fréquence et l'intensité des événements climatiques, nous permet d'interroger la manière dont l'émergence de conceptions, d'outils et de savoirs scientifiques nouveaux sur le climat façonnent (ou non) la régulation des risques nucléaires. Par ailleurs, le périmètre d'étude retenu permet d'effectuer des comparaisons entre plusieurs instruments, prenant en charge, au sein d'une catégorie relativement homogène – les risques climatiques extrêmes, une variété de risques (inondations, canicules, grands froids, étiages sévères, etc.)Dans un premier temps, nous décrirons les principales caractéristiques et évolutions institutionnelles dans lequel s'inscrivent les instruments de régulation des risques étudiés. Nous détaillerons ensuite les processus de conception ayant abouti à ces instruments, en mettant l'accent sur la nature des savoirs mobilisés et des relations entre les différents acteurs. Les comparaisons à la fois « longitudinales » effectuées sur les différents instruments qui se sont succédés, relatifs à un même risque (inondation), et « transversales » sur des instruments analogues orientés vers des risques différents (référentiels « grand froid » et « grand chaud ») nous permettront alors de déboucher sur différentes conjectures : •nous mettons au jour la fabrique des nombreux compromis qui apparaissent comme des caractéristiques du processus de conception de ces instruments, résultant notamment du caractère lacunaire des savoirs disponibles et des relations entre acteurs telles qu'elles sont cadrées par les logiques organisationnelles et institutionnelles qui pèsent sur eux ;•nous suggérons que les récentes transformations institutionnelles, aussi importantes soient-elles, ne remettent pas encore massivement en cause le caractère négocié des relations entre acteurs du régime de régulation, mais que les facteurs nouveaux qu'elles introduisent, notamment la publicisation des débats, pourraient transformer, à terme, l'équilibre entre les acteurs et rendre le système plus contraignant ;•nous constatons, au passage, le faible impact de la forme juridique de l'instrument de régulation adopté dans l'accroissement de ce caractère contraignant ; nous montrons en effet que le découplage entre objectifs de sureté et leur traduction opérationnelle par l'exploitant, reflet d'un point essentiel de la doctrine de sûreté actuelle (la responsabilité de l'exploitant) reporte la spécification précise des actions dans les outils produits par l'exploitant, qui ne relèvent pas stricto sensu d'un régime juridique ;•nous abordons enfin, à la lumière de ces éléments, la question, classique dans le champ de la régulation des risques (cf. Borraz, 2015), de la convergence, dans le secteur nucléaire, des formes d'instruments et, plus généralement, des régimes de régulation des risques, vers un modèle unique.

L'analisi proposta insiste sulle dinamiche di soggettivazione e impoverimento del lavoro a partire dalla torsione reticolare del capitalismo e dei suoi principi organizzativi. In mancanza di una consolidata tradizione analitica specifica sul lavoro gratuito, il ragionamento muove dalla relazione tra l'economia formale e informale. Tale prospettiva di analisi permette di individuare nell'estensione del terreno di cattura del capitalismo l'elemento chiave della svalutazione del lavoro e del suo mancato riconoscimento. Con il passaggio al nuovo paradigma del capitalismo, infatti, il processo di accumulazione del capitale si estende ad ambiti diversi da quelli tradizionalmente produttivi, sfumando i confini tra interesse e disinteresse, produttivo e improduttivo, ampliando le aree di compenetrazione tra economia formale e informale ed estendendo la produzione di valore anche oltre i confini del riconoscimento economico. Traducendo nel desiderio di realizzazione del sé del soggetto quello di riproduzione del capitale, infatti, il dispositivo soggettivante permette di enfatizzare gli aspetti passionali della produzione di valore. Alla maggiore opportunità di realizzazione del sé attraverso il lavoro, però, corrisponde anche una forte individualizzazione dei rischi. Mentre, quindi, da un lato il capitale accresce le proprie capacità di accumulazione penetrando sempre più nella soggettività, dall'altro aumentano, per quanti coinvolti, i rischi di impoverimento e di isolamento. Per indagare la relazione tra lavoro gratuito e remunerato, i regimi di giustificazione che la qualificano e i rischi individuali e organizzativi che ne derivano, sono stati sviluppati tre studi di caso: il primo in un laboratorio di ricerca pubblico, il secondo in una cooperativa sociale e il terzo sui volontari per Expo 2015. In questa prospettiva, il lavoro gratuito, economicamente non riconosciuto, diventa una condizione condivisa, giustificabile soggettivamente, ricorrendo alle grammatiche dell'autoterapia e della passione, quando il lavoratore guarda al presente, e della promessa e della scommessa, quando è rivolto al futuro. ; This work aims to analyse subjectivation processes and impoverishment of work starting from understanding the reticular torsion of capitalism and its organizational principles. Scholars have traditionally not given enough attention to unpaid work, thus my considerations move from formal and informal dinamics of economy. This is because from this point of view, we can see why the expansion of fields of capitalist capture constitute one of the key factors at the origin of work devalutation and its lack of monetary recognition. The accumulation process, in the new capitalist paradigm, seems to concerns with new lands, different from the traditional ones of production. Borders between interest and disinterest, productive and unproductive get blurred, expanding areas of interpenetration between formal and informal economy and the production of value outside of the monetary recognition. In this way, the desire of capital reproduction is translated in the individual desire of self-realization. Effectively, the subjectyfing dispositive emphasizes passional aspects of value production, while growing the indvidualization of risks. Thus, on one hand the capital increase its own accumulation opportunities, through colonizing individual subjectivity, on the other hand, the same process increase impoverishment and isolation risks for those who are involved. In order to investigate the relation between paid and unpaid work with the giustificational regimes that qualify this relation and individual and organizational risks, I have used three case studies: the first one in a research laboratory managed by a governmental organization, the second in a social cooperative and the third on volunteer workers for the Universal Exposition 2015, Milan Expo. From these case studies emerges that unpaid work is a shared condition, but justified only at individual level, borrowing the grammar from self-therapy and affection, when the worker looks towards the present, while promise and bet grammars when the worker looks towards the future. ; Ce travail présente les dynamiques de subjectivation et de gratuitisation du travail à partir de la torsion réticulaire du capitalisme et de ses principes organisationnels. Les raisonnements présentés sont puisés de l'évolution de la relation entre les dimensions formelle et informelle de l'économie. Cette perspective d'analyse permet de déterminer dans l'extension progressive du capitalisme un des éléments de la dévaluation du travail. Le processus d'accumulation du capital progresse et se développe sur des territoires différents des milieux traditionnels de production. Dans ce mouvement, les zones de compénétration entre l'économie formelle et informelle grandissent et on assiste à une production de la valeur qui se répand sans reconnaissance économique. Par la traduction du désir de reproduction du capital dans le désir de l'autoréalisation des sujets, le dispositif subjectivant permet d'emphatiser les aspects passionnels de la production. Il s'avère qu'à côté de l'opportunité de réalisation de soi par le travail, il y a surtout une grave individualisation des risques. En effet, pendant que le capital agrandit les opportunités d'accumulation en pénétrant dans la subjectivité, les risques de l'appauvrissement et d'isolation grandissent. Pour étudier la relation entre travail gratuit et rémunéré, les régimes de justification qui la qualifient et les risques individuels et organisationnels qui en dérivent, trois études de cas ont été réalisées : la première dans un laboratoire public de recherche, la deuxième dans une coopérative sociale et la troisième avec les bénévoles de l'Exposition Universelle 2015. Cette thèse montre que le travail gratuit est une condition de classe qu'on justifie subjectivement. Lorsque le regard du travailleur est tourné sur le présent, il fait recours aux grammatiques de l'auto-thérapie et de la passion. A l'inverse, lorsque le regard est tourné vers le futur, ce sont les rhétoriques de la promesse et du pari qui sont mises en avant.

Cambodia is one of the nine countries worldwide to have reached the United Nations - MDG 5. A reflection of this achievement is a 75% drop in the national maternal mortality ratio from 1020 to 161 deaths for 100 000 live births between 1990 and 2015. This success is the result of voluntary public policies i.e. a family planning policy; the set-up of health care financing systems; and the training of thousands of midwives across the country. A deep sociological transformation can also help to explain this success. While childbirth in Cambodia used to be a private event, which took place at home, it has now become a public event for women and their families. In 2000, less than 10% of women were giving birth in a medicalized structure. By 2014, this number rose to over 80%, showing the sudden and massive biomedicalization of childbirth across the country. This socio-demographic research challenges the idealized vision of the United Nations regarding maternal health in Cambodia by showing and observing obstetrical practices on the ground, from an empirical study led in several setups in Phnom Penh and in Kandal province (rural sector). This mixed method research draws from participant observation, semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals and patients (men and women), questionnaires with pregnant women (pre- and post- childbirth), as well as examination of medical records from four Phnom Penh maternity wards. The results show that episiotomies are systematically performed in some hospitals and clinics, in contradiction with international recommendations. Furthermore, the number of caesarean sections in Phnom Penh has almost tripled in fifteen years, and since the beginning of the 2000s it is above the 10% threshold recommended by the WHO. Finally, in the capital city, a common practice is observed: perineorraphy, which aims at tightening the vagina of young and healthy women shortly after a vaginal delivery without any medical indication. These three obstetrical practices have historical roots and are now frequently used outside of their medical purpose, as a response to a rising social demand. In this research, women' body has been considered as a social and political object that reveals social relationships, where many power negotiations occur. The thesis shows that these three obstetrical practices are interconnected and form a system. At the intersection between body, gender and biomedicine, these different obstetrical practices can be understood as tool of domination that seeks to shape the female body according to social expectations. In this way, the perception of gender in a society shapes the female body, and more precisely, the female sexual organs. Nevertheless, some of these practices are nowadays consciously chosen by women to increase their erotic capital, in an attempt to renegotiate gender relationships and preserve marital harmony. ; Le Cambodge est l'un des neuf pays au monde à avoir atteint l'OMD 5 des Nations Unies, c'est-à-dire à avoir diminué de trois quarts le taux de mortalité maternelle au niveau national entre 1990 et 2015. Ce taux est ainsi passé de 1020 à 161 décès maternels pour 100 000 naissances au cours de ces 25 années. Ce succès est le résultat de politiques publiques volontaristes : une politique de planification familiale, la mise en place de systèmes de financements de la santé, la formation puis le déploiement de milliers de sages-femmes sur le territoire. Cette réussite s'explique également par une mutation sociologique de premier plan : l'accouchement, qui était historiquement un événement avant tout social et qui se déroulait dans l'intimité de la maison, est devenu un événement public pour la femme et sa famille. Alors qu'en 2000 moins de 10% des femmes accouchaient dans une structure médicalisée, elles étaient plus de 80% dans cette situation en 2014, traduisant ainsi la biomédicalisation massive et soudaine de l'accouchement dans tout le pays. Cette recherche sociodémographique remet en question la vision idéalisée des Nations Unies concernant la santé maternelle au Cambodge en rendant visibles et en observant les pratiques obstétricales « par le bas » à partir d'une enquête empirique sur plusieurs terrains à Phnom Penh et en Kandal (milieu rural). La méthodologie développée conjugue une observation participante, à des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de soignants et de non soignants (hommes et femmes), des questionnaires auprès de femmes enceintes puis accouchées (cohorte), ainsi qu'une collecte de données médicales dans quatre maternités de Phnom Penh. Les résultats montrent que certains hôpitaux et cliniques pratiquent des épisiotomies systématiques, ce qui est contraire aux recommandations internationales, et que le taux de césariennes dans la capitale a presque triplé en quinze ans, dépassant depuis le début des années 2000 le seuil de 10% recommandé par l'OMS. Enfin, une pratique répandue de périnéorraphies visant à resserrer fortement le vagin de femmes jeunes et en bonne santé après des accouchements par voie basse, sans indication médicale, est courante dans la capitale. Ces pratiques obstétricales, historiquement construites, vont alors fréquemment être détournées de leur usage médical pour répondre à une demande sociale. Le corps des femmes a été appréhendé dans cette recherche comme un corps social et politique, révélateur des rapports sociaux, sur lequel se jouent de nombreux enjeux de pouvoirs. La thèse a révélé que ces trois pratiques obstétricales faisaient système en se renforçant les unes les autres. A l'intersection entre corps, genre et biomédecine, la recherche a montré que ces différentes pratiques obstétricales pouvaient être conçues comme des instruments de domination. Le genre, tel qu'il est pensé dans la société, va contribuer à fabriquer un sexe féminin, mais aussi à construire un corps féminin de façon plus générale. Mais la thèse a dévoilé également que certaines de ces pratiques vont être saisies par les femmes, afin d'accroître leur attractivité sexuelle, leur permettant de renégocier les rapports de genre, et de maintenir l'harmonie et la stabilité du couple.

Gradussani 'Kun paikallinen saa globaalin fokuksen: Ebolan leviämisen narratiivit vuosina 2014 – 2015 Toronto Star -lehdessä' tutkin otsikon mukaisesti Ebolan leviämisen narratiiveja viimeisimmän Ebolaepidemian ajalta. Toronto Star on Kanadan suurin päivittäin ilmestyvä sanomalehti, jonka julkaisupaikka on Torontossa Ontarion provinssissa. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä käytän Melissa Leachin vuonna 2008 kehittelemää temaattisten narratiivien kategorisointia verenvuotokuumeista (esimerkiksi Ebola ja Marburgin virus). Hänen kategorisointi sisältää seuraavat narratiivit: (1) Globaali uhka: Afrikasta nousevaa ruttoa vastaan taisteleminen, (2) Tappavat paikalliset sairaustapaukset: globaali nopea reagointi paikallisiin tapahtumiin, (3) Kulttuuri ja konteksti: paikallisen tiedon ja osaamisen hyödyntäminen, (4) Mysteerit ja kuolleisuus: ekologisen ja sosiaalisen dynamiikan huomioiminen. Näiden pohjalta graduni tutkimuskysymykset ovat vastaavasti (1) Millaiset leviämisen narratiivit Toronto Star esitteli vuosina 2014 – 2015? (2) Ketkä Toronto Star esitteli päätoimijoina Ebolaepidemian aikana vuosina 2014 – 2015? (3) Millaiset roolit päätoimijat saivat Ebolaepidemian aikana Toronto Star – lehden mukaan? Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimijoille käytän sekä Proppin (1968) että Sealen (2002) ajatusta siitä, että hyvä tarina sisältää niin sankareita, auttajia kuin vastustajia. Tarinan lopussa vastustajat häviävät ja sankarit voittavat. Terveyteen liittyvissä tarinoissa sairaus ja kuolema esitetään vastustajana. Sitä vastoin lääkärit ja hoitajat nähdään sankareina, sillä he yrittävät taltuttaa sairauden ja voittaa kuoleman. Tutkimuksessani käytän myös sekä Katzin, Kornbletin, Arnoldin, Liefin ja Fischerin (2011) että Brownin, Mackeyn, Shapiron, Kolkerin ja Novotnyn (2014) teorioita, jotka esittelevät toimijoita globaalin terveysdiplomatian kentällä. Kyseiset teoriat auttavat Ebola-alueen toimijoiden löytämisessä Toronto Starin artikkeleista. Aineistoni koostuu 97 relevantista Ebola-artikkelista, jotka on julkaistu Toronto Star lehdessä vuosina 2014 – 2015 ja kerätty ProQuest Central -palvelun avulla. Analyysini tulokset osoittavat, että Toronto Star esitteli seuraavat päänarratiivit: (1) Ebola globaalina turvallisuusuhkana, (2) Tappavat paikalliset sairaustapaukset ja hidas globaali reagointi tapahtumiin, (3) Kulttuuri ja konteksti: enemmän olisi pitänyt kiinnittää huomiota paikallisten osallistamiseen, (4) Ebolan vuosina 2014 – 2015 leviämisen taustalla pitkään jatkunut köyhyys ja vaillinnaiset terveydenhoitojärjestelmät Länsi-Afrikassa. Tämän lisäksi Guinean, Sierra Leonen ja Liberian terveysministeriöt ja maiden presidentit nähdään globaalin terveysdiplomatian ydintoimijoina. Sen sijaan YK-järjestelmän olennaiset toimijat, Kanadan hallitus, Kanadan ulkoministeri, Yhdysvaltain hallitus ja Yhdysvaltain presidentti nähdään monisidosryhmäisen globaalin terveysdiplomatian toimijoina. Lääkärit ilman rajoja, Punaisen Ristin ja Punaisen Puolikuun yhdistysten kansainvälinen liitto, PHAC, CDC, terveydenhuollon työntekijät, sosiaalisen liikkuvuuden auktoriteetit, hautaustiimin jäsenet, paikalliset kyläpäälliköt, karanteeniviranomaiset, kansanterveyden asiantuntijat, viranomaiset, tutkijat, laivayhtiöt, lentöyhtiöt, lääkeyhtiöt ja yksityiset lahjoittajat nähdään epävirallisen globaalin terveysdiplomatian toimijoina. Ebola-tarinassa roolit eri toimijoille vaihtelevat uhreista sankareihin ja avunantajista avun vastustajiin. ; In my Master's Thesis 'When local gets a global focus: Ebola outbreak narratives in 2014 – 2015 in Toronto Star' I research Ebola outbreak narratives of the most recent Ebola outbreak. Toronto Star is Canada's biggest daily newspaper which is being published in Toronto, Ontario. As my theoretical background, I use Melissa Leach's (2008) categorization on thematic narratives related to haemorrhagic fevers (for example Ebola and Marburg virus). Her categorization includes: (1) A global threat: tackling the emerging plague out-of-Africa, (2) Deadly local disease events: the building of universal rapid response, (3) Culture and context: building positively on local knowledge, (4) Mysteries and mobility: taking long-term ecological and social dynamics seriously. Building on these, my research questions in this Thesis are (1) What kinds of outbreak narratives on Ebola were presented by Toronto Star during 2014 – 2015? (2) Who were presented as the main actors during the 2014 – 2015 Ebola outbreak by Toronto Star? and (3) What kinds of roles did the main actors receive over the outbreak period by Toronto Star? As a theoretical background for analysis of actors and different roles, I use Propp's (1968) and Seale's (2002) idea that a good story includes heroes, helpers and villains. At the end of a story, villains loose and heroes win. In the health-related stories, disease and death are being portrayed as a villain. Instead, doctors and nurses are seen as heroes because they are trying to tackle the disease and overcome death. I also use theories by Katz, Kornblet, Arnold, Lief and Fischer (2011) as well as by Brown, Mackey, Shapiro, Kolker, Novotny (2014) which introduce global health diplomacy actors. These theories help me to identify the main Ebola actors being presented in the research data. My research data consists of 97 relevant articles related to the Ebola outbreak published in Toronto Star in 2014 – 2015, collected through the database ProQuest Central. The results of my analysis indicate that Toronto Star represented the following main narratives: (1) Ebola as a global security threat, (2) Deadly local disease events and slow universal response, (3) Culture and context: more attention should have been given on how to include locals into the outbreak response and (4) The 2014 – 2015 Ebola outbreak as an outcome of long-lasting poverty and lacking health care systems in West Africa. Further, the analysis showed how the ministries of Health in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as well as the presidents of the three mentioned countries are considered as the core global health diplomacy actors. Instead, the relevant actors of UN system as well as the Canadian government, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, the U.S. Government and the U.S. President are considered as multi-stakeholder global health diplomacy actors. Médecins Sans Frontières, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Public Health Agency of Canada, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health care workers, social mobilization authorities, burial team members, local chiefs, quarantine officers, public health experts, officials, scientists, shipping companies, airline companies, pharmaceutical companies and private donors are considered as informal global health diplomacy actors. In the Ebola narrative, the roles for different actors vary from victims to heroes as well as from aiders to opposers.

International audience ; L'accident de Fukushima a provoqué une prise de conscience sans précédent concernant l'importance des risques naturels à l'échelle internationale. En mettant en cause plusieurs aspects institutionnels, et notamment les liens de dépendance entre l'autorité de sûreté nucléaire et le ministère de l'industrie japonais, les analyses de l'accident posent également la question de la gouvernance et de la régulation des risques nucléaires avec une acuité nouvelle (Delamotte 2013 ; IAEA 2015). Le projet de recherche pluri-institutionnel AGORAS, lancé en 2013, s'intéresse ainsi à la gestion interorganisationnelle des risques et des accidents nucléaires. Ce projet vise une meilleure compréhension des régimes de régulation (Hood, Rothstein et al. 2001) des risques nucléaires et de leur dynamique d'évolution. La présente communication, qui s'inscrit dans cette action de recherche, s'intéresse à plusieurs instruments de régulation des risques. Ceux-ci sont en effet des composantes notables des régimes de régulation et constituent de véritables « traceurs » des changements qui se produisent tant sur le plan institutionnel, politique, social ou économique. L'étude de leur genèse et l'analyse des processus de transformation et d'appropriation qui leur sont attachés semblent ainsi de nature à permettre de mieux comprendre le régime français de régulation de la sûreté nucléaire et ses évolutions. Le présent papier se propose donc de décrire sous cet angle les premiers résultats d'une étude comparative de plusieurs instruments de régulation des risques climatiques. Ce travail adopte une perspective articulant trois courants de recherche : celui consacré à l'instrumentation de l'action publique, qui a connu des développements importants en France grâce aux recherches de Lascoumes et Le Galès (2005 ; Halpern, Lascoumes et al. 2014) ; des travaux qui analysent la conception et la mise en œuvre d'outils de gestion (Moisdon 1997 ; de Vaujany 2005 ; Aggeri et Labatut 2010) ; les recherches qui appréhendent, dans une perspective macroscopique, à la fois socio-politique et historique, le gouvernement des techno-sciences, dont le nucléaire est à la fois un représentant emblématique et un cas spécifique (Pestre 2014 ; Boudia et Demortain 2014 ; Hecht 2004). Pour cette recherche, nous proposons la définition suivante de l'instrument de régulation des risques : il est un dispositif à la fois technique et social, fondé sur des savoirs produits et mobilisés par un collectif d'acteurs, agissant au sein d'un « régime de régulation des risques », et s'insérant dans un contexte institutionnel et historique spécifique. Notre analyse des processus de conception des instruments de régulation des risques se focalise donc sur les savoirs mobilisés et les cadres cognitifs au sein desquels s'opère la conception de l'instrument ; sur les relations entre acteurs impliqués, considérés comme des représentants des organisations auxquelles ils appartiennent, insérées dans un cadre institutionnel donné ; sur les communautés de travail formées par les acteurs. Notre analyse s'intéresse in fine aux conceptions du rapport régulateur/régulé portées par les instruments, révélées notamment à l'occasion des controverses apparues au cours du processus de conception.D'un point de vue méthodologique, une approche généalogique et comparative dans le domaine des risques climatiques nous a semblé particulièrement adaptée. En effet, ce domaine permet de couvrir une large période, depuis le lancement du parc électronucléaire français jusqu'à aujourd'hui. On peut ainsi appréhender les effets de divers facteurs d'évolution, notamment relatifs au cadre institutionnel de régulation de la sûreté, et tenir compte de l'apparition de problématiques nouvelles. A cet égard, la question plus récente du changement climatique et de ses effets reconnus sur la fréquence et l'intensité des événements climatiques, nous permet d'interroger la manière dont l'émergence de conceptions, d'outils et de savoirs scientifiques nouveaux sur le climat façonnent (ou non) la régulation des risques nucléaires. Par ailleurs, le périmètre d'étude retenu permet d'effectuer des comparaisons entre plusieurs instruments, prenant en charge, au sein d'une catégorie relativement homogène – les risques climatiques extrêmes, une variété de risques (inondations, canicules, grands froids, étiages sévères, etc.)Dans un premier temps, nous décrirons les principales caractéristiques et évolutions institutionnelles dans lequel s'inscrivent les instruments de régulation des risques étudiés. Nous détaillerons ensuite les processus de conception ayant abouti à ces instruments, en mettant l'accent sur la nature des savoirs mobilisés et des relations entre les différents acteurs. Les comparaisons à la fois « longitudinales » effectuées sur les différents instruments qui se sont succédés, relatifs à un même risque (inondation), et « transversales » sur des instruments analogues orientés vers des risques différents (référentiels « grand froid » et « grand chaud ») nous permettront alors de déboucher sur différentes conjectures : •nous mettons au jour la fabrique des nombreux compromis qui apparaissent comme des caractéristiques du processus de conception de ces instruments, résultant notamment du caractère lacunaire des savoirs disponibles et des relations entre acteurs telles qu'elles sont cadrées par les logiques organisationnelles et institutionnelles qui pèsent sur eux ;•nous suggérons que les récentes transformations institutionnelles, aussi importantes soient-elles, ne remettent pas encore massivement en cause le caractère négocié des relations entre acteurs du régime de régulation, mais que les facteurs nouveaux qu'elles introduisent, notamment la publicisation des débats, pourraient transformer, à terme, l'équilibre entre les acteurs et rendre le système plus contraignant ;•nous constatons, au passage, le faible impact de la forme juridique de l'instrument de régulation adopté dans l'accroissement de ce caractère contraignant ; nous montrons en effet que le découplage entre objectifs de sureté et leur traduction opérationnelle par l'exploitant, reflet d'un point essentiel de la doctrine de sûreté actuelle (la responsabilité de l'exploitant) reporte la spécification précise des actions dans les outils produits par l'exploitant, qui ne relèvent pas stricto sensu d'un régime juridique ;•nous abordons enfin, à la lumière de ces éléments, la question, classique dans le champ de la régulation des risques (cf. Borraz, 2015), de la convergence, dans le secteur nucléaire, des formes d'instruments et, plus généralement, des régimes de régulation des risques, vers un modèle unique.

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM ; The study of the spin-parity and tensor structure of the interactions of the recently discovered Higgs boson is performed using the H→ZZ,Zγ∗,γ∗γ∗→4, H→WW→νν, and H→γγ decay modes. The full data set recorded by the CMS experiment during the LHC run 1 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1fb-1 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and up to 19.7fb-1 at 8 TeV. A wide range of spin-two models is excluded at a 99% confidence level or higher, or at a 99.87% confidence level for the minimal gravitylike couplings, regardless of whether assumptions are made on the production mechanism. Any mixed-parity spin-one state is excluded in the ZZ and WW modes at a greater than 99.999% confidence level. Under the hypothesis that the resonance is a spin-zero boson, the tensor structure of the interactions of the Higgs boson with two vector bosons ZZ, Zγ, γγ, and WW is investigated and limits on eleven anomalous contributions are set. Tighter constraints on anomalous HVV interactions are obtained by combining the HZZ and HWW measurements. All observations are consistent with the expectations for the standard model Higgs boson with the quantum numbers JPC=0++ ; We gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR Project No. 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund

Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy ; Austrian Science Fund ; Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique ; Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science ; CERN ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS) ; Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport ; Croatian Science Foundation ; Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus ; Ministry of Education and Research ; Estonian Research Council ; European Regional Development Fund, Estonia ; Academy of Finland ; Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture ; Helsinki Institute of Physics ; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, France ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives / CEA, France ; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany ; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany ; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece ; National Scientific Research Foundation, Hungary ; National Innovation Office, Hungary ; Department of Atomic Energy, India ; Department of Science and Technology, India ; Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran ; Science Foundation, Ireland ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy ; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea ; National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea ; Lithuanian Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Education (Malaysia) ; University of Malaya (Malaysia) ; CINVESTAV ; CONACYT ; SEP ; UASLP-FAI ; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand ; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; National Science Centre, Poland ; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal ; JINR, Dubna ; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation ; Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation ; Russian Academy of Sciences ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research ; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia ; Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Spain ; Desarrollo e Innovacion, Spain ; Programa Consolider-Ingenio, Spain ; ETH Board ; ETH Zurich ; PSI ; SNF ; UniZH ; Canton Zurich ; SER ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei ; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics ; Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand ; Special Task Force for Activating Research ; National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand ; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey ; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority ; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine ; State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine ; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK ; US Department of Energy ; US National Science Foundation ; Marie-Curie programme (European Union) ; European Research Council (European Union) ; EPLANET (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic ; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union, Regional Development Fund ; Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino) ; Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste) ; MIUR project (Italy) ; Thalis programme ; Aristeia programme ; EU-ESF ; Greek NSRF ; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund ; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) ; Welch Foundation ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Estonian Research Council: IUT23-4 ; Estonian Research Council: IUT23-6 ; MIUR project (Italy): 20108T4XTM ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M005356/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L00609X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J50094X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001531/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J005479/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRID PP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I005912/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J004871/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J004901/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L00609X/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000250/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001256/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M005356/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000242/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I005912/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J005665/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001639/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003844/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003844/1 ; A search for fermionic top quark partners T of charge 2/3 is presented. The search is carried out in proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1) collected at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The T quarks are assumed to be produced strongly in pairs and can decay into tH, tZ, and bW. The search is performed in five exclusive channels: a single-lepton channel, a multilepton channel, two all-hadronic channels optimized either for the bW or the tH decay, and one channel in which the Higgs boson decays into two photons. The results are found to be compatible with the standard model expectations in all the investigated final states. A statistical combination of these results is performed and lower limits on the T quark mass are set. Depending on the branching fractions, lower mass limits between 720 and 920 GeV at 95% confidence level are found. These are among the strongest limits on vectorlike T quarks obtained to date.

Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy ; Austrian Science Fund ; Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique ; Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science ; CERN ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS) ; Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport ; Croatian Science Foundation ; Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus ; Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia ; Estonian Research Council, Estonia ; European Regional Development Fund, Estonia ; Academy of Finland ; Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture ; Helsinki Institute of Physics ; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, France ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives / CEA, France ; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany ; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany ; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece ; National Scientific Research Foundation, Hungary ; National Innovation Office, Hungary ; Department of Atomic Energy, India ; Department of Science and Technology, India ; Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran ; Science Foundation, Ireland ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy ; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea ; National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea ; Lithuanian Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Education (Malaysia) ; CINVESTAV ; CONACYT ; SEP ; UASLP-FAI ; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand ; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; National Science Centre, Poland ; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal ; JINR, Dubna ; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation ; Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation ; Russian Academy of Sciences ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research ; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia ; Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Spain ; Programa Consolider-Ingenio, Spain ; ETH Board ; ETH Zurich ; PSI ; SNF ; UniZH ; Canton Zurich ; SER ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei ; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics ; Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand ; Special Task Force for Activating Research ; National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand ; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey ; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority ; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ; State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine ; Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K. ; US Department of Energy ; US National Science Foundation ; Marie-Curie programme (European Union) ; European Research Council (European Union) ; EPLANET (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic ; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union, Regional Development Fund ; OPUS programme of the National Science Center (Poland) ; Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino) ; MIUR (Italy) ; Thalis programme - EU-ESF ; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF ; Greek NSRF ; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund ; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) ; Welch Foundation ; University of Malaya (Malaysia) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Estonian Research Council, Estonia: IUT23-4 ; Estonian Research Council, Estonia: IUT23-6 ; MIUR (Italy): 20108T4XTM ; Welch Foundation: C-1845 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I000305/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001256/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000250/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/H000925/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L005603/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000242/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001531/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PP/E002803/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: CMS ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRID PP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001639/1 CMS Upgrades ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001639/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I003622/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J004871/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/H000925/2 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J005479/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N001273/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M002020/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003224/1 CMS Upgrades ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PP/E000479/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I003622/1 GRIDPP ; A first measurement of the top quark spin asymmetry, sensitive to the top quark polarisation, in t-channel single top quark production is presented. It is based on a sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). A high-purity sample of t-channel single top quark events with an isolated muon is selected. Signal and background components are estimated using a fit to data. A differential cross section measurement, corrected for detector effects, of an angular observable sensitive to the top quark polarisation is performed. The differential distribution is used to extract a top quark spin asymmetry of 0.26 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.10(syst), which is compatible with a p-value of 4.6% with the standard model prediction of 0.44.

In Colombia, from the 1991 Constitution, the Constitutional Court has played an important role in the development of law, stating further conversion of Colombia in a " neoconstitucionalista", thus confirming that the right is of the judges and not legislators, the performances of the high courts called " closure members " on some occasions have become positive legislators, and beyond computers of public policies, functions and constitutional theory pertaining to other branches of the executive public power and legislative different to which they belong as is the judiciary.That condition where the legislative power is the one who can legitimately issue laws, has changed, now the judicial precedent issued by any of the high courts also have force of law erga omnes, requiring citizens without this provision be included in a standard, and that constitutionally has the legitimacy and acceptance by the citizens even more the case in the protection of rights regarding the conditions of human dignity is concerned.This time the study of the role of judge as positive legislator in recognizing social and cultural rights as fundamental rights and legitimacy of the judge to invade the sphere of legislative power is made.In addition, in the case of the constitutional court, he has not only played as a positive legislator, even a positive constituent, giving the category of fundamental rights positively are not, or interpreting the law in the constitutional sense in favor of recognition of fundamental rights and invading the purview of the legislature, even to create some legal uncertainty. The court also has played the role corresponding to executive, setting public policy as it is the case of decisions which declares unconstitutional state of affairs and ordering the executive take direction public policies aiming at the protection of fundamental rights. ; En Colombia, a partir la Constitución Política de 1991, La Corte Constitucional ha jugado un papel importante en el desarrollo del derecho, afirmando aún más la conversión de Colombia en un estado "neoconstitucionalista", ratificando así que el derecho es de los jueces y no de los legisladores, las actuaciones de las altas cortes llamados "órganos de cierre", en algunas ocasiones los han convertido en legisladores positivos, y más allá en ordenadores de políticas públicas, funciones que constitucional y teóricamente competen a otras ramas del poder público Ejecutiva y Legislativa distintas a la que pertenecen como la Judicial.Aquella condición donde el poder Legislativo es quien legítimamente puede emitir las leyes, ha cambiado, ahora el precedente judicial emitido por alguna de las altas cortes también tiene fuerza de Ley, efectos erga omnes, que obligan a los ciudadanos, sin que esta previsión sea incluida en una norma, y que constitucionalmente tiene legitimidad y más aún aceptación por los ciudadanos más tratándose en la protección de derechos en cuanto a las condiciones de dignidad humana se refiere.En esta oportunidad se hace el estudio del papel de juez como legislador positivo en el reconocimiento de derechos económicos sociales y culturales como derechos fundamentales y la legitimidad del juez para invadir la esfera del poder legislativo.Además de ello, en el caso de la corte constitucional, no solo ha jugado como un legislador positivo, incluso un constituyente positivo, dando la categoría de fundamental a derechos que positivamente no lo son, o interpretando las leyes en el sentido constitucional a favor del reconocimiento de derechos fundamentales, invadiendo así la esfera de competencia del legislador, llegando incluso a crear cierta inseguridad jurídica. También la corte ha jugado el papel correspondiente al poder ejecutivo, fijando políticas públicas como lo es el caso de las decisiones donde declara el estado de cosas inconstitucionales y que ordena al ejecutivo seguir sus orientaciones en las políticas públicas pretendiendo la protección de derechos fundamentales. ; En Colombie, de la Constitution de 1991, la Cour constitutionnelle a joué un rôle important dans le développement du droit, Déclarant en outre la conversion de la Colombie dans une "nouvelle constitutonalism" confirmant ainsi que le droit est des juges et non législateurs, les performances de les hauts tribunaux appelés «éléments de fermeture» à quelques occasions législateurs ont devenir positif, et au-delà patron des politiques publiques, les fonctions et la théorie constitutionnelle se rapportant à d'autres branches du pouvoir exécutif et législatif du public auquel ils appartiennent à différentes comme cela est le pouvoir judiciaire.Cette condition où le pouvoir législatif est celui qui peut légitimement émettre des lois, a changé, maintenant le précédent juridique émis par l'une des hautes juridictions ont également force omnes loi omnes, exiger des citoyens sans esta disposition être inclus dans une norme, et que a constitutionnellement la légitimité et l'acceptation par les citoyens encore plus le cas dans la protection des droits concernant les conditions de la dignité humaine est concernée.En outre, dans le cas de la Cour constitutionnelle, je ne l'ai pas seulement joué en tant que législateur positif, même un constituant positif, donnant la catégorie des droits fondamentaux positive ne sont pas, ou l'interprétation de la loi dans le sens constitutionnel en faveur de la reconnaissance critique droits et envahissant le champ d'application de la législature, même de créer une certaine insécurité juridique. Le tribunal a joué le rôle correspondant également à la direction, définir la politique publique comme il est le cas de décisions qui déclarent situation inconstitutionnelle et en ordonnant les politiques publiques de prendre direction exécutive visant à la protection des droits fondamentaux.Cette fois, l'étude du rôle du juge en tant que législateur positif dans les droits sociaux et culturels en tant que droits fondamentaux Reconnaissant et la légitimité du juge d'envahir la sphère du pouvoir législatif est fait.

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el primero, los autores que firman como Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el grupo de colaboración en el caso de que aparezca en el artículo ; An inclusive search for supersymmetry in events with at least one b-tagged jet is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment in 2012 at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set size corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb-1. The two-dimensional distribution of the razor variables R2 and MR is studied in events with and without leptons. The data are found to be consistent with the expected background, which is modeled with an empirical function. Exclusion limits on supersymmetric particle masses at a 95% confidence level are derived in several simplified supersymmetric scenarios for several choices of the branching fractions. By combining the likelihoods of a search in events without leptons and a search that requires a single lepton (electron or muon), an improved bound on the top-squark mass is obtained. Assuming the lightest supersymmetric particle to be stable and weakly interacting, and to have a mass of 100 GeV, the branching-fraction-dependent (-independent) production of gluinos is excluded for gluino masses up to 1310 (1175) GeV. The corresponding limit for top-squark pair production is 730 (645) GeV ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministryof Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR Project No. 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el primero, los autores que firman como Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el grupo de colaboración en el caso de que aparezca en el artículo ; Measurements of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions at √s=7TeV are presented in kinematic regions defined by the masses MX and MY of the two final-state hadronic systems separated by the largest rapidity gap in the event. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of ξx=Mx2/s in the region -5.5 3, log10mx > 1.1, and log10my > 1.1, a region dominated by DD. The cross sections integrated over these regions are found to be, respectively, 2.99 ± 0.02(stat) -0.29+0.32(syst)mb, 1.18 ± 0.02(stat) ±0.13(syst)mb, and 0.58 ± 0.01(stat)-0.11+0.13(syst)mb, and are used to extract extrapolated total SD and DD cross sections. In addition, the inclusive differential cross section, dσ/dΔηF, for events with a pseudorapidity gap adjacent to the edge of the detector, is measured over ΔηF=8.4 units of pseudorapidity. The results are compared to those of other experiments and to theoretical predictions and found compatible with slowly rising diffractive cross sections as a function of center-of-mass energy ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM ; A search for new physics in proton-proton collisions having final states with an electron or muon and missing transverse energy is presented. The analysis uses data collected in 2012 with the CMS detector, at an LHC center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. No significant deviation of the transverse mass distribution of the charged lepton-neutrino system from the standard model prediction is found. Mass exclusion limits of up to 3.28 TeV at 95% confidence level for a W'-boson with the same couplings as that of the standard model W-boson are determined. Results are also derived in the framework of split universal extra dimensions, and exclusion limits on Kaluza-Klein WKK(2) states are found. The final state with large missing transverse energy also enables a search for dark matter production with a recoiling W-boson, with limits set on the mass and the production cross section of potential candidates. Finally, limits are established for a model including interference between a left-handed W'-boson and the standard model W-boson and for a compositeness model ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the World Class University program ofNRF,Republic ofKorea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education and University of Malaya, Malaysia; the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research, and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; and the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie Program and the European Research Council and EPLANET(European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from the European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR Project No. 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.11 (2015): 189 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) ; Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM ; The first search for supersymmetry in the vector-boson fusion topology is presented. The search targets final states with at least two leptons, large missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large separation in rapidity. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The observed dijet invariant mass spectrum is found to be consistent with the expected standard model prediction. Upper limits are set on the cross sections for chargino and neutralino production with two associated jets, assuming the supersymmetric partner of the τ lepton to be the lightest slepton and the lightest slepton to be lighter than the charginos. For a so-called compressed-mass-spectrum scenario in which the mass difference between the lightest supersymmetric particle χe 0 1 and the next lightest, mass-degenerate, gaugino particles χe 0 2 and χe ± 1 is 50 GeV, a mass lower limit of 170 GeV is set for these latter two particles ; In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Funda¸c˜ao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K.; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation `a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the OPUS programme of the National Science Center (Poland); the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); and the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845