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International audience ; Themes of culture and European Capitals of Culture in/and crisis reflect some realities affecting Marseille, the French town that was nominated with a set of municipalities of its area as Marseille-Provence, European Capital of Culture for 2013. Indeed, difficulties encountered by Marseille indicate a crisis that can be described at the city level itself but also in the management of the operations linked with the European Capital of Culture. Marseille is a port city which is struggling to overcome a long crisis in its economic model; it is also a city that is characterized by an historical and large immigration, especially North African, and by its ability to make living together in a kind of common urban and local identity peoples of diverse backgrounds.These aspects were turned into assets in a bid project built around the dialogue of cultures and the opening (openness) of the Mediterranean in a context of tensions between its northern and southern shores. Marseille is also portrayed as a particular city due to its historical conflict with the French centralism and the opacity of its political management. These characteristics are put forward to explain the atmosphere of crisis in the management of the European Capital of Culture marked by difficulties of the project's team to collaborate with local actors and structures but also with other municipalities involved in the European Capital of Culture which maintain some rivalry and distrust with Marseille. On top of these difficulties come also crisis of public finances that lead to cuts in grants to culture by local and regional councils, which are denounced as inconsistent with the aim of the project European Capital of Culture. Our paper seeks so to analyze, through the example of Marseille, issues related to the impact of economic crisis and crisis in the management of European Capital of Culture Marseille-Provence 2013. Finally, if the concept of crisis is regularly mobilized to characterize economics and the management of ...

Introduction: COVID-19 and Small Island States -- Public Health and Political Imperatives: Balancing Lives, Livelihoods, and Democracy in Jamaica's COVID-19 Experience -- COVID-19 in Pacific Islands People of Aotearoa/New Zealand: Communities Taking Control -- Coronavirus and CARICOM: The Benefit of a Regional University in a Coherent Pandemic Response -- Caribbean Economies and COVID-19: Impact and Prospects for 2021 and beyond -- Did French Polynesia cope with COVID-19? Intrinsic Vulnerabilities and Decreased Resilience -- A Magnifying Glass for Local Political and Economic Issues -- Double Jeopardy: Distance and Decentralisation in Tuvalu -- Learning from the Past? Sovereign Space and Recreating Self-Reliance in Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia -- Healthcare Denied? COVID-19 and Kiribati's Shrinking Transnational Space -- Small and Isolated Vava'u, Tonga: From Weakness to Strength during COVID-19? -- Tourism Policy Within a Pandemic: The Case of Bahamas -- An Industry in Crisis: How Vanuatu's Tourism sector is Building for Economic Recovery -- Vaccination for Vacation: Assessing the Resilience of the Jamaican Hospitality Industry in a Pandemic -- Tourism in a World of Disorder: A Return to the Vanua and Kinship with Nature in Fiji -- COVID-19 and Transnational Remittances in Samoa: Maintaining Family Ties in the Face of Crisis -- Pacific Labour Mobility on Pause: the consequences of temporary immobility during the COVID-19 pandemic -- From Face to Face to Meeting in Space: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Events Industry in Trinidad and Tobago -- Challenging the idea of work: Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on the future of work, health and well-being of the Jamaican workforce -- COVID-19 and Food Security in Fiji's Urban Areas: The Rise of Urban Farming and Home Gardening as a 'New Way of Life' -- Catching fish in COVID-19 currents: food security and governance in rural communities in Solomon Islands -- Of Isolation and Atolls: Coping with COVID-19 in Manus, Papua New Guinea -- COVID-19: The impact of a complex disaster on household food security in Caribbean SIDS -- God and the Virus in Papua New Guinea: Outsourcing Risk, Living with Uncertainty and (Re)creating a Niupela Pasin -- Igat wei bilong lukautim mipela yet istap (We can look after ourselves):Community-based Organisations Responding to COVID-19 in Papua New Guinea -- Safeguarding Human Rights in a Global Pandemic: Reflections on the Caribbean's Response to COVID-19 -- To Comply or not to Comply. State Resistance and Exceptions to COVID-19 Rules and Regulations -- Towards a resilient, inclusive and green recovery in the Caribbean -- Aftermath: Towards a 'New Normal'.

Preliminary Material -- General Report Reform of Education in China Stepping Forward with a Solid Pace and Going a Long Way /Fangping Cheng and Dongping Yang -- Regional Features and New Issues on the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education /Zunmin Wu -- Competition on the Transition of Primary School Graduates to Junior High Schools in Large Cities and Governance of Mathematical Olympiad Training /Xinling Li -- An Investigation of Adjustment of School Mapping in Rural Areas /Shuai Wang -- Research on the Learning and Life of Primary and Secondary Students in Rural Schools /Jinyan Zhou and Xiang Qi -- Local Practices and Civilian Efforts on Revitalization of Small-Scale Schools in Rural Areas /Chao Lü -- New Progress on Higher Education Reform /Min Yang -- Enabling Migrant Workers' Children to Take the College Entrance Exam in the City Where Their Parents Work and Live Moving Forward /Bingqi Xiong -- Beyond Rural and Urban Differences: Impact of Educational Resources and Family Resources on Children from Urban and Rural Areas /Jialing Han , Yauiong Gao , Yan Zhang and Chengming Han -- From Shandong to Shanxi Province: A Reflection on the Reform of School Teaching in Primary and Middle Schools /Chunqing Chai -- Non-Government Funded Education: Development Transition and Policy Innovation /Jianfeng Fang -- Exploration on Building of Parents Committee in Primary and Middle Schools in Shandong Province /Yongjian Lu -- A Survey on Specially-set-post Teachers in Rural Schools: Present Situation and Issues /Guoming Wang , Xuenan Wang and A Xia Re Ha Mo -- Survey of the Sense of Educational Equality Expressed by the Public in Some Major Cities of China for the Year 2012 /Min Yang -- An Analysis of Public Expenditures on Education in 2011 /Ling Zhou -- Top Ten News Reports on Education in 2012 -- A Collection of Topics of Chinese Composition Used in the College Entrance Examinations Administered in 2012 -- Speech Delivered in Tsinghua University (Full Text) /Jiabao Wen -- The List of Winners of the Third Session of "Local Educational Institution Creativity Awards" -- International Forum on New Education: Ningbo Declaration -- Why I Criticize the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China /Dongping Yang -- What do We Lack, How Shall We Face—Preface of "Textbook on Humanistic Literacy" Edited by Ma Xiaoping /Liqun Qian -- My Ideal University /Daoyu Liu -- Equal Opportunity for All Students -- A Letter Written by Poet Hu Lanlan to Ministry of Education: Save those Children Kidnapped by Homework and Test Scores -- Being Myself: Speech Made by a Middle School Student under the National Flag in Qidong Middle School, Jiangsu Province -- Index.

According to Italian legislation for a particular type of real property—lands/areas subject to buildability, but not yet currently buildable—there is a problem related to their "qualification", or whether or not they must be considered buildable for the purposes of their recurrent taxation. These potentially buildable (POBU) areas, that were previously zoned as "agricultural", have been rezoned as "general urban planning instruments/regulations" (the General Urban Development Plans or variances, which regulate land governance), whose approval path has yet to be concluded. Their value—the taxable base underpinning their taxation—clearly depends on their qualification (whether or not they are considered buildable). This has produced, in recent years, several disputes between owners and local governments; the law did not give univocal solutions: Today (2019), there is a conflict of case law in relation to considering these areas as being building areas, as it is not clear what estimating procedures should be used. This article is thus based on the assumption that responding to the problems connected with taxing POBU areas must be considered separately from (overcoming, in this way, conflicting case law) the "virtual" qualification of agricultural or buildable area, but must instead, and more simply, be considered as the actual condition it is found in (likelihood of having building potential in the future), and therefore its limitations (present at the time of taxation) and the time necessary for the building to actually be built and not just "potential". The approach proposed in this article thus offers a solution to the problem that has been raised, by modifying the current de jure approach (defining the moment when the building right is manifested) towards an assessment/appraisal approach (defining the value of the potentially buildable (POBU) area, in relation to its actual conditions). To implement this approach, a methodology—proposing an upgrade of the traditional analytic procedure for the assessment of transformation value has been structured in a way such that consideration may be made of the components characterizing the potentially buildable areas by means of appropriate assessment parameters that go towards forming these areas' value: These are the market value discount rate of the POBU area in relation to the uncertainty and risk of reaching effective and concrete buildability, and the estimated time needed to complete the procedural path for making the area actually buildable.

According to Italian legislation for a particular type of real property&mdash ; lands/areas subject to buildability, but not yet currently buildable&mdash ; there is a problem related to their &ldquo ; qualification&rdquo ; or whether or not they must be considered buildable for the purposes of their recurrent taxation. These potentially buildable (POBU) areas, that were previously zoned as &ldquo ; agricultural&rdquo ; have been rezoned as &ldquo ; general urban planning instruments/regulations&rdquo ; (the General Urban Development Plans or variances, which regulate land governance), whose approval path has yet to be concluded. Their value&mdash ; the taxable base underpinning their taxation&mdash ; clearly depends on their qualification (whether or not they are considered buildable). This has produced, in recent years, several disputes between owners and local governments ; the law did not give univocal solutions: Today (2019), there is a conflict of case law in relation to considering these areas as being building areas, as it is not clear what estimating procedures should be used. This article is thus based on the assumption that responding to the problems connected with taxing POBU areas must be considered separately from (overcoming, in this way, conflicting case law) the &ldquo ; virtual&rdquo ; qualification of agricultural or buildable area, but must instead, and more simply, be considered as the actual condition it is found in (likelihood of having building potential in the future), and therefore its limitations (present at the time of taxation) and the time necessary for the building to actually be built and not just &ldquo ; potential&rdquo ; . The approach proposed in this article thus offers a solution to the problem that has been raised, by modifying the current de jure approach (defining the moment when the building right is manifested) towards an assessment/appraisal approach (defining the value of the potentially buildable (POBU) area, in relation to its actual conditions). To implement this approach, a methodology&mdash ; proposing an upgrade of the traditional analytic procedure for the assessment of transformation value has been structured in a way such that consideration may be made of the components characterizing the potentially buildable areas by means of appropriate assessment parameters that go towards forming these areas&rsquo ; value: These are the market value discount rate of the POBU area in relation to the uncertainty and risk of reaching effective and concrete buildability, and the estimated time needed to complete the procedural path for making the area actually buildable.

This conceptual and exploratory article aims to present a rationale for the engagement of citizens with the process and practice of, and research on new civic forms of entrepreneurship. We argue that this form of citizen engagement could enable a better alignment of entrepreneurial initiatives with economic, social and community priorities, and to address issues of global significance of local interest in uncertain environments. To this end, we posit that engaging citizens in the entrepreneurial process could facilitate agency at the collective level of people with their rights, duties and responsibilities, to identify, participate in and govern with existing institutions, in meaningful economic and social activity in defined spatial environments. Our normative understanding of entrepreneurial process involves the creation of business, social and public enterprises, the formation of which is led by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are of course citizens of specific nation states, but their endeavours do not necessarily warrant the participation of the wider community of citizens in the entrepreneurial process beyond their receiving function as users of goods and services. We consider whether pro-active engagement in a variety of ways, as nurtured in the practice of Citizen Science or Citizen Economics projects, could strengthen the profile and substance of entrepreneurship to resolve critical economic, social and environmental concerns of our times. We use the concept of the 'commons' and collective efficacy to argue for an understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation as a social good. We argue that Citizen Entrepreneurship (CE) is able to create new forms of collective organisation and governance, and derive economic and social value by addressing local issues arising from wide-spread phenomena such as climate change, ecological and environmental challenges, inequality, social polarisation, populism, migration and the gradual erosion of democratic institutions. To do so, citizens need to develop capabilities for engagement in the entrepreneurship process, especially when traditional public and market institutions fail to satisfy their existential needs. Indeed, active engagement could lead to the achievement of capabilities for well-being and fulfilling lives which go beyond the acquisition of skills and competencies necessary to pursue a vocation or a career. We refer to and interpret three examples of collective entrepreneurial activity in different urban environments in European countries as models of CE highlighting what we see as a growing trend in the entrepreneurial substance of the 'urban commons'. We work towards the creation of a conceptual model with which to develop an understanding of a unique formulation of entrepreneurship.

China is to become the largest economy in the world by 2020 according to the IMF forecasts. Annual growth rates of output remained around 9.3 percent on average during 1980 to 2015. It was made possible by the accumulation capital with steady flows of investment on average around 49.5 percent of GDP, increase in the human capital index from 1.8 to 2.6 in the country that has the largest population among all countries. Current account surplus stood around 3.4 percent of GDP. Such growth rates were possible due to macroeconomic stability. Market friendly growth strategy however has led to a sharp increase in the income and consumption inequality. Inequality is deeper in the rural areas than in the urban areas. A representative household in the richest quintile earns eight times more than an average household in poorest quintile. This is five times more in urban areas. The Gini coefficient was around 0.48. By this measure China has become the most unequal economy in the world. Similar disparities remain across provinces of China; per capita income of Tianjin was 99,600 Yuan compared to 22,921 Yuan of Guizhou. Chinese government has used public spending to create economic infrastructure and public services. The share of public spending and revenue has reached around 30 percent of GDP in China in recent years. Share of local government has risen steadily over years from 53 percent to 86 percent in 2013. Efficiency in the local governance thus is essential for correcting economic and social problems in China. VAT, corporation tax, business tax, consumption tax and income tax and tariffs are important sources of revenue. In 2013, these contributed to 26, 20, 16, 7, 6 and 2 percents of total revenue respectively. Compared to advance countries Chinese tax system still seems very regressive as the income tax contributes to the very small proportion of the total revenue. It is welcome to see that the share of VAT decreased from 36 to 26 percent and tax in corporate income tax rose from eight to 20 percent but the very low income tax that accounts about 6 percent of total revenue, has caused income inequality to deteriorate. The adverse consequences of tax composition are to some extent mitigated by a more reasonable structure of public spending. Education, social safety, agriculture, public services, community, transport and health had 18, 12, 11, 11, 10 seven and 7 percent of public spending respectively.

The paper is a review of Swedish forest policy and legislation over four centuries, using mainly Swedish language literature, including Government and Forest Authority print. - Government policies during the 17th and 18th centuries favoured mining and Navy interests, restricting the rural population's use of the forest commons. The commons and the Crown lands were largely privatised around 1800, and the ensuing philosophy of economic liberalism was against any restrictions on ownership right. Thus, modern legislation was introduced as late as in 1903, in spite of the ambitions of several generations of foresters inspired by the emerging forestry thinking on the Continent, aiming at sustainable timber production. From that year, legislation and institutions were developed gradually striving to utilise the full timber producing potential of Sweden's forestland. From 1979, this policy reached a climax, with far-going state control of forest management while retaining formal ownership rights. The forests were restocked the forests but environment had been steamrolled – at least, a growing opinion saw it like that. After 1990, the policy was reoriented towards more broadly understood sustainability and multifunctionality. This most notably was achieved through the 1993 Forestry Act, but also through new environmental legislation, taxation and property legislation and institutional change, in parallel with similar developments in a majority of European countries. The change can be seen as a transition from stateformulated policy to forest governance where several actors compete for influence. - Policy development over the four centuries is seen as a result of political and economic forces. During the 17th century, Sweden was in many respects a military state where the Crown and the Nobility shared economic interests, while the Estate of Peasants (the peasants never lost their political freedom in Sweden) struggled to defend its land rights. During the last decades of the 18th century, the Crown aligned itself with the Peasants, curbing the former elite, preparing for the Napoleonic era (~1800). This was marked by a transition towards political and economic liberalism, privatisation of commons as well as of public land, and an ascendancy of both peasants and urban entrepreneurs. Towards the end of the 19th century, forest industry became an important actor, while the state wanted to ensure social stability by safeguarding farmer interests. After 1950, industry and the trade union interests dictated the policy, while traditional farming-withforestry was transformed, losing political leverage. At the end of the 20th century, increasingly urban middle-class values came to dominate the ideational landscape, paving the way for present policies.

Financial Crisis and Brain Drain: An Investigation of the Emigration Intentions of Greek Scientists -- Complexity in a Bertrand Duopoly Game with Heterogeneous Players and Differentiated Goods -- A Performance Measurement System for Staff of the Logistics Section - A Case Study for an Oil & Gas Company -- Banks' Income Smoothing in the Basel Period - Evidence from European Union -- Evaluating Consumer Perception and Expectations and Assessing the Service Quality Gap in Greek Banking in a Period of Finical Crisis and Capital Controls -- The Role of Tertiary Education in Regional Development in Greece -- The Importance of Trade with the Balkan Countries for Turkey -- Barriers in the Calculation of Residual Income in Slovak Companies -- Social Choice and Multicriterion Decision-Making: Decision Modeling Career of Students in Secondary Education Using Multi-Criteria Analysis -- Greek Banks Abroad: A Historic Examination -- Corporate Financial Modelling Using Quantitative Methods -- Using Principal Component Analysis in Assessing Client's Creditworthiness -- The Way Out From Public Sector's Labyrinth of Inefficiency? Alternative Governance Performance and Prospects in Greece -- Competitiveness of the Greek Economy: Before and After the Crisis -- Development of an Insurance Market in "Pigs" Countries After the Crisis -- Usage Evaluation Through Data Analysis of the Greek Tax Information System -- Urban Development -- The Impact of Communication Quality, Partner Complementarity and Foreign Partner's Cultural Sensitivity on Inter-Partner Trust in Isas -- Digital Practices of Greek Small Entrepreneurship: Social Media and Self-Employment -- The Conversion of Βank Deferred Tax Assets in 2016 to Bank Shares in 2017 -- Quality Assurance in Education: An Inquiry Into Transformational School Leadership -- The Impact of the Destination Image of Greece on Tourists' Behavioral Intentions -- A Differential Equations Analysis of Stock Prices -- Cash Conversion Cycle and Firms Performance. Empirical Study for the Greek Listed Firms in Athens Stock Exchange -- Creativity Development and Educational Expenditures - An Exploratory Study -- Professors and Graduates at Greek Universities -- The Three Paradigms of Social Organization -- Prospective Employee Attitudes Towards Public and Private Sector Employment - A Comparison Study of a Belgian and Two Greek University Student Groups -- Aspirin Methodics of Business-Planning -- Exploring Irrigation Water Issue Through Quantitative Swot Analysis: The Case of Nestos River Basin -- How Do Mosquitoes Affect Tourism Enterprises in Greece? -- The Relationship Between Efficiency Measures and Environmental Pollution: An Empirical Study -- Exploring the Teaching Quality of Greek Accounting Studies -- Corporate Governance: A Comparative Analysis of the Accounts of the Telephone Companies Cosmote, Vodafone and Wind -- A Quantitative Analysis About Optimization of Number of Employees and Rebalancing Workload -- The Effects of the Reformed CAP to the Local Economy, In Rural Areas

The urban area of Bamako is the result of a mixture of Mandingues (West Africa) origins, western thought, hierarchical and colonial thinking, and hygienist environmental management. Directly emanating from the latter logic, the Western anti-leaning institution helped to classify and separate men but also to bring them closer together. Djikoroni replenishes us in the mandingual universe, but does not depart from the modernity of the environment and the confrontation of cultures that the disease has amplified. Analysis of the representations of the disease reveals values of contact (of transmission), of the person and of his or her borders different from the western ones. The notion of "disorder", "adhesive", mediating and/or disruptive value is fundamental; it shall mark: the idea of disease in general and its summum represented by 'the major disease', lethal; the means of treatment; the chronic patient subject to the itinerary and his/her reported social functions. Through the 'Sickness/Lèpre' event and its chronic, serious and stigmatising nature, these differences in cultures, time, places and people combined to enable the injured individual, who is a member of a community, to gain a place within the 'global' society, but the rigidity of the French institutional order and its conjunction with an African society on the move have had and still have a direct impact on health care businesses. ; International audience ; The urban area of Bamako is the result of a mixture of Mandingues (West Africa) origins, western thought, hierarchical and colonial thinking, and hygienist environmental management. Directly emanating from the latter logic, the Western anti-leaning institution helped to classify and separate men but also to bring them closer together. Djikoroni replenishes us in the mandingual universe, but does not depart from the modernity of the environment and the confrontation of cultures that the disease has amplified. Analysis of the representations of the disease reveals values of contact (of transmission), ...

What current discourses are relevant for border areas? What opportunities for and obstacles to integrated territorial development arise from the specific situation of border regions? How can these be utilised or overcome in a goal-oriented way? These questions were central to the discussions of the Border Futures working group. Border regions like the Greater Region1 or the Trinational Metropolitan Region of the Upper Rhine extend far beyond the immediate border area. While institutional structures of cooperation can be perpetuated through agreements and organisations, there is a lack of instruments which cross-border cooperation structures can deploy in response to changing situations. Cross-border cooperation faces new challenges from increasing cross-border interactions, processes of economic structural transformation, new energy policies in the national sub-spaces, and demographic change. Another factor is increasing spatial polarisation, which influences the further development and future viability of the affected border areas, and involves metropolisation issues in urban centres and the provision of public services in rural districts. Building on discussions of the Border Futures working group, this volume sheds light on cross-border cooperation in practice with recent research relevant to planning in border regions in the European context. The insights collected here are intended to be usable in the border areas within the territory of the Regional Working Group and should also contribute towards the broader specialist discourse on the further development of cross-border cooperation. Issues of sustainable cross-border governance, new spatial functions and new planning instruments play a role here, as do the possibilities provided by the current EU structural policy programming period for border areas.

Intro -- BRIEF CONTENTS -- LONG CONTENTS -- ILLUSTRATIONS AND FEATURES -- COMPARING NORTH AND SOUTH -- GLOBAL AND LOCAL -- CONTEMPORARY DEBATES -- TIMELINES -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- MAPS -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- TOUR OF THE BOOK -- CHAPTER PREVIEWS AND HIGHLIGHTS -- COMPARING NORTH AND SOUTH -- GLOBAL AND LOCAL -- CONTEMPORARY DEBATES -- TABLES AND FIGURES -- MAPS -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- KEY CONCEPTS -- USEFUL WEBSITES -- FURTHER READING -- SUMMARY OF THE BOOK -- 1 THE RISE OF THE GLOBAL SYSTEM -- 2 POPULATION AND RESOURCES -- 3 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- 4 STATES AND GOVERNMENT -- 5 IDENTITY AND CULTURE -- 6 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE -- 7 HUMAN RIGHTS -- 8 WAR, PEACE, AND SECURITY -- 9 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY -- 10 TRADE -- 11 MIGRATION -- 12 HEALTH AND DISEASE -- 13 THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT -- ONLINE RESOURCES -- ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT IS GLOBAL STUDIES? -- SETTING GLOBAL GOALS -- THE WORLD AS A COMMUNITY OF 100 PEOPLE -- CHANGES TO THE SECOND EDITION -- SOME NOTES ON APPROACH -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- KEY CONCEPTS -- USEFUL WEBSITES -- FURTHER READING -- ACADEMIC JOURNALS -- 1 THE RISE OF THE GLOBAL SYSTEM -- PREVIEW -- CONTENTS -- HIGHLIGHTS -- THE ROOTS OF THE MODERN WORLD -- EUROPE GOES GLOBAL -- WORLD WAR AND THE END OF EMPIRE -- Timeline 1: Key events in the evolution of the global system -- THE COLD WAR ERA -- COMPARING NORTH AND SOUTH 1 -- UNDERSTANDING NORTH AND SOUTH -- NINE GLOBAL TRENDS -- GLOBAL AND LOCAL 1 -- GLOBALIZATION AND GLOCALIZATION -- GLOBALIZATION -- CONTEMPORARY DEBATES 1 -- THE PROS AND CONS OF GLOBALIZATION -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- KEY CONCEPTS -- FURTHER READING -- 2 POPULATION AND RESOURCES -- PREVIEW -- CONTENTS -- HIGHLIGHTS -- THE GLOBAL POPULATION -- COMPARING NORTH AND SOUTH 2 -- THE CHALLENGES OF POPULATION CHANGE -- THE NEW URBAN MAJORITY -- GLOBAL AND LOCAL 2.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 The Nexus Approach as a Tool for Resources Management in Resilient Cities and Multifunctional Land-Use Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Nexus Approach as a Tool to Cope with Global Challenges -- 3 The Nexus Approach for Managing Resources in Multifunctional Land-Use Systems and Resilient Cities -- 4 Storyline of the Book -- 5 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 How to Integrate and Balance Water, Soil and Waste Expertise When Realizing the Corresponding Nexus Approach -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Developments in Hydrology -- 1.2 Developments in Soil Science -- 1.3 Engineering and Waste Generation -- 2 A Brief Review of Case Studies on the Water-Soil-Waste Nexus -- 3 How to Complete the Water-Soil-Waste NEXUS Chain? -- 4 The Challenge to Reach Effective Governance -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Nutrient Recovery for Use in Agriculture: Economic Assessment of Decentralized Compost Business Model in Nairobi -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in Nairobi -- 3 The Nexus Approach to Economic Assessment of Nutrient Recovery Models -- 4 Materials and Methods -- 4.1 Economic Assessment -- 4.1.1 Technical and Financial Data of Compost Plants in Kenya -- 4.1.2 Key Assumptions and Parameters for Economic Analysis of Decentralized Compost Business -- 4.2 Environmental Assessment -- 4.3 Sensitivity Analysis Using Monte Carlo Simulation -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Results of Environmental Assessment -- 5.2 Results of Economic Assessment -- 5.3 Simulation Results -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Sustainable and Safe Use of Wastewater for Food Production in Peri-urban Areas of Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area: Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka -- 2.2 Methodology.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Preface: The Field -- Introduction: The Cost of One-Man Rule -- The City and Its Problems -- What This Book Is About -- The Chicago Way -- Chapter 1. Cutting the Mayor Down to Size -- A Bad Deal -- A Pattern, Not an Isolated Incident -- How the City Works: Strong Mayor, Weak City Council -- The Alderman and the Ward -- Too Many Aldermen -- Filling Vacancies -- Redistricting -- Hollow Committees and Committee Chairs -- Other Elected Offices -- What about Other Cities? -- New York -- Los Angeles -- Solving Problems: A Better Governance Structure for Chicago -- Chapter 2: Discouraging Democracy -- Chicago Municipal Elections -- Other Major Cities -- The Literature on Turnout -- Partisan Elections -- Encouraging Democracy in Chicago -- Chapter 3. Governing the Schools and the City -- Chicago's School Problems -- The Immediacy and Imperative of Fiscal Improvement -- Other Cities and the Largest School Districts -- Scholarship on Mayoral Control of Public Schools -- What Should Chicago Do? -- Disruption -- Disaggregation -- The Urban School System of the Future -- A Homework Assignment for Chicago Public Schools -- Chapter 4. Chicago's Fiscal Ruin -- Chicago's Fiscal Problems: Seen and Unseen -- How City Finance Is Supposed to Work -- How Chicago Has Worked -- How Other Cities Work -- Institutional Safeguards -- Additional Measures -- The Problem of Legacy Costs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5. Pension Apocalypse Now, Not Later -- The Holiday Habit -- A Chicago Pension Snapshot -- How Are These Pensions Supposed to Work? -- How Have Pensions Worked in Chicago? -- The Unfairness of Pension Debt -- Solving the Pension Problem: Pain, Suffering, and Riddance -- Freezing and Discontinuing the Plans

"Sustainability Matters is a compilation of some of the best research papers submitted by students from the National University of Singapore's multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary graduate programme in environmental studies, as their MSc dissertations in Environmental Management [MEM]. This collection is for the period 2014/2015 to 2015/2016. Entitled Sustainability Matters: Environmental Management in the Anthropocene, this is the sixth volume in the series, and comprises 15 of the best research papers completed during this period. The papers have been edited for brevity. They analyse the many challenges to effective environmental management covering countries including China, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the EU, and USA. Issues examined include biodiversity conservation, environmental science, environmental governance and management, energy, and urban studies. The first compilation, Sustainability Matters: Environmental Management in Asia was published in 2010 and comprised the best papers from 2001/2002 to 2006/2007. The second, Sustainability Matters: Challenges and Opportunities in Environmental Management in Asia, was published in 2011, and comprised the best papers from 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The third and fourth compilations, Sustainability Matters: Asia's Green Challenges, and Sustainability Matters: Asia's Energy Concerns, Green Policies and Environmental Advocacy, comprised the best papers from the periods 2009/2010 and 2011/2012 respectively. The fifth compilation, Sustainability Matters: Environmental and Climate Changes in the Asia-Pacific, was published in 2015 and comprised the best papers for the periods 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The papers are edited by five staff members from different disciplines in the MEM programme: Lye Lin-Heng, Harvey Neo, Sekhar Kondepudi, Yew Wen-Shan, Judy Sng Gek-Khim."--Publisher's website