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This article discusses the position of religion in politics that has relation to leadership. The main argumentation of this research is religion will constantly become a political power and social movement. In one side the research has a different opinion from the integration politic paradigm and secular that proposed by Hasan al-Bannā and 'Alī Abd. al-Rāziq, but in other side, it has reinforced the two paradigms. By using literature study and descriptive method and philosophical historical approach, it indicates Islam will constantly exist and has influence in the political process. Although Islam is not depending on politics and on the contrary. Islam and politic are both integrated dimensions of life, so both are not able to be separated from social political dynamics.

Toleranz im Sinne der Anerkennung eines Meinungspluralismus ist ein Grundelement der modernen Gesellschaft. Gegenwärtig wächst jedoch eine strukturelle Spannung: Auf der einen Seite sind die institutionellen Bedingungen für mehr Toleranz gesichert, auf der anderen Seite fehlen sie völlig. Am deutlichsten wird dies in den islamischen Ländern sichtbar. Dort haben die Staaten aus der Sicht des Autor noch nicht begriffen, dass ihr Schicksal von der Fähigkeit abhängt, soziale, politische, kulturelle und bildungspolitische Reformen auf den Weg zu bringen, die die heute für jede Gesellschaft unerlässlichen Freiheiten festschreiben. Sogenannte "islamistische" Bewegungen errichten gegen eben diese Freiheit Barrieren, die um so schwerer zu überwinden sind, als sie mit der Aura des Heiligen umgeben werden. Paradoxerweise sind die Barrieren in den westlichen Gesellschaften jedoch keineswegs niedriger: Sie hemmen den für die Weltordnung von heute lebenswichtigen Wandel der Demokratie. Zum einen stößt er auf den erbitterten - wenn auch uneingestandenen - Widerstand vor allem der ökonomischen Kräfte, die sich zusehends von nationalen Zusammenhängen lösen; zum anderen behindern die aus der Vergangenheit nachwirkenden Relikte des Eurozentrismus und globaler Machtansprüche die konsequente und legitime Ausweitung der Demokratie über die ganze Welt. Insgesamt fordert der Autor hier eine Rückbesinnung auf die starke Tradition der Toleranz in der islamischen Kultur bzw. der arabischen Welt. (ICA2)

A vast literature has been produced since the 1980s on the emergence of Islamist movements in the Middle East. This literature offers different rationales for the emergence of new kinds of foes to the political regimes of the region. Filling the void left by the leftist opposition, the Islamist militants appeared around the 1970s as new political actors. They were expected neither by the state elites, which had initiated earlier modernizing political and social reforms, nor by political scientists who based their research on modernization-theory hypotheses. The former thought that their reform policies toward the religious institution would reinforce their control of the religious sphere, and the latter expected that secularization would accompany the modernization of society. The surprise brought by this new political phenomenon pushed observers to focus mainly on the Islamists and to overlook the role of the ulema, the specialists of the Islamic law, who were considered entirely submitted to the state.

Education in Islam covers totality of three aspects of life, namely, ruhiyah (spirit), fikriyah (understanding, brain), and amaliyah (deed, body) that are performed gradually in all lines of life. Indonesia government is enthusiastically encouraging a societal-based education, an education that is based on character building. However, ironically we are exposed to a sickness society phenomenon, for example, pornographic video case. The pornographic video was blasphemed and blamed by various society elements, but on the other hand, many people were even hunting for the pornographic video. It proves that our society has no strong moral protective power. Purposes of this article are to know and to prove essence of Islam as a syamil-mutakammil (comprehensive) religion in explaining the importance of education in building characters of Islam.