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China's entry into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) exposes its state-owned maritime, aviation and telecommunications operators to unprecedented competition. This development raises a series of critical issues about China's transition from a state-planned regime towards a real market economy. How will China's leading state-owned firms in deep-sea container shipping, air passenger transport and telecommunications respond to the dilemma posed by the World Trade Organisation and to what extent has Hong Kong been involved in China's transport and communications restructuring process? These broad issues are addressed by examining progress on the Chinese Government's post-1993 plans to restructure each of the key state enterprises in sea-land transport, air transport and telecommunications. Specifically we are concerned with the degree to which China's national champions in these transport and communications arenas have been remade into global players. Particular attention is paid to the role of Hong Kong in this transformation since its return to China in 1997. Our studies show that China has transformed its national champions into a global players in container shipping. The process may be beginning to happen in air transport but has yet to get underway in telecommunications.

China's entry into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) exposes its state-owned maritime, aviation and telecommunications operators to unprecedented competition. This development raises a series of critical issues about China's transition from a state-planned regime towards a real market economy. How will China's leading state-owned firms in deep-sea container shipping, air passenger transport and telecommunications respond to the dilemma posed by the World Trade Organisation and to what extent has Hong Kong been involved in China's transport and communications restructuring process? These broad issues are addressed by examining progress on the Chinese Government's post-1993 plans to restructure each of the key state enterprises in sea-land transport, air transport and telecommunications. Specifically we are concerned with the degree to which China's national champions in these transport and communications arenas have been remade into global players. Particular attention is paid to the role of Hong Kong in this transformation since its return to China in 1997. Our studies show that China has transformed its national champions into a global players in container shipping. The process may be beginning to happen in air transport but has yet to get underway in telecommunications.

Alena Ledeneva invites you on a voyage of discovery to explore society's open secrets, unwritten rules and know-how practices. Broadly defined as 'ways of getting things done', these invisible yet powerful informal practices tend to escape articulation in official discourse. They include emotion-driven exchanges of gifts or favours and tributes for services, interest-driven know-how (from informal welfare to informal employment and entrepreneurship), identity-driven practices of solidarity, and power-driven forms of co-optation and control. The paradox, or not, of the invisibility of these informal practices is their ubiquity. Expertly practised by insiders but often hidden from outsiders, informal practices are, as this book shows, deeply rooted all over the world, yet underestimated in policy. Entries from the five continents presented in this volume are samples of the truly global and ever-growing collection, made possible by a remarkable collaboration of over 200 scholars across disciplines and area studies. By mapping the grey zones, blurred boundaries, types of ambivalence and contexts of complexity, this book creates the first Global Map of Informality. The accompanying database (www.in-formality.com) is searchable by region, keyword or type of practice, so do explore what works, how, where and why!

The civil society Migration and Development (MADE) network commissioned this first edition of a "Movement" report as an independent assessment of what progress has been made on achieving each of the eight goals in that 5-year 8-point Plan of Action in the two years since 2013. Based on interviews, literature review and a global survey among over 300 civil society organisations the report paints a picture both of improvement and inertia, of action taken by civil society and of action needed to be taken for the Plan to move forward, including key recommendations to civil society and governments.

This paper will set out the two very different regional leadership strategies being pursued by Brazil and Venezuela, concluding that it is the Brazilian neo-structuralist vision that will have more success than the Venezuelan overseas development aid approach. The two different approaches to Latin American leadership point to a substantive difference in how the regional system should operate in geopolitical and geo-economic terms, with the Brazilians favouring a market-oriented system in opposition to Venezuela's statist option. Contestation for regional leadership as set out in the article emerges as an early indicator of a chilling of relations between Brazil and Venezuela and points to a future scenario where other regional states may be able to play off contending would-be leaders.

This paper will set out the two very different regional leadership strategies being pursued by Brazil and Venezuela, concluding that it is the Brazilian neo-structuralist vision that will have more success than the Venezuelan overseas development aid approach. The two different approaches to Latin American leadership point to a substantive difference in how the regional system should operate in geopolitical and geo-economic terms, with the Brazilians favouring a market-oriented system in opposition to Venezuela's statist option. Contestation for regional leadership as set out in the article emerges as an early indicator of a chilling of relations between Brazil and Venezuela and points to a future scenario where other regional states may be able to play off contending would-be leaders.

In long history of NKRI , Islam politics in Indonesia has the own color. Islam came to Indonesia for about twelve century by peace way. On 1945, all of the Indonesian people struggled to get a freedom. Meanwhile, now the struggle of Islam is to come out the Islamic people from global capitalism. Pancasila, as an Indonesian ideology, is the foundation of stated life that is used as guidance in behaving. Since Indonesia was independent, the Islamic people must own effort to create advancement. On the old and new colonial period, the Islamic people did not get the space of aspiration and politics. However, since the coming of Reformation era, the Islamic people started getting public space. Keywords: politics, Islam, and global challenge. Politik Islam Indonesia dalam perjalanannya menjadi warna tersendiri dalam sejarah panjang Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Islam masuk ke Indonesia sekitar abad ke-12an Islam dengan jalan damai. Pada tahun 1945 seluruh penduduk Indonesia berjuang untuk merdeka, sedangkan kondisi sekarang ini perjuangan Islam adalah membawa umat Islam keluar dari kapitalisme global. Pancasila sebagai ideologi Indonesia adalah dasar kehidupan bernegara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam berperilaku. Sejak Indonesia merdeka, umat Islam terus berusaha untuk berkembang. Di era orde lama dan orde baru umat Islam belum mendapatkan ruang aspirasi dan berpolitik, namun sejak era reformasi umat Islam mulai mendapatkan ruang publik. Kata kunci: Politik, Islam dan Tantangan Global

AbstractPyrolysis has become an interesting waste valorization method leading to an increasing number of research studies in this field in the last decade. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge map of scientific production in pyrolysis, discuss the current state of research, and identify the main research hotspots and trends in recent years. The systematic review, supported by analysis of countries and institutions, keyword co-occurrence analysis, analysis of keyword trends, journal analysis, and article impact, was carried out on 6234 journal articles from the Science Citation Index Expanded database of the Web of Science Core Collection. As a result, four main research hotspots were identified: 1) characterization techniques and pyrolysis kinetic models, 2) biochar production and its main applications, 3) bio-oil production and catalytic pyrolysis, and 4) co-pyrolysis, which has become a consolidated research hotspot since 2018. Additionally, the main challenges and opportunities for future research have been identified, such as 1) the development of multi-step kinetic models for studying complex wastes, 2) the integration of biochar into other valorization processes, such as anaerobic digestion, and 3) the development of catalytic hydropyrolysis for the valorization of organic waste. This bibliometric analysis provides a visualization of the current context and future trends in pyrolysis, facilitating future collaborative research and knowledge exchange.

Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Editorial: Africa and Sustainable Global Value Chains -- Introduction -- Background -- Motivation -- Book Structure -- Part I: Why Engage in GVC Sustainability Within Africa? -- Part II: Why Should African Suppliers Care? -- Part III: What Can African Suppliers Do to Engage in GVC Sustainability? -- Part IV: What Can Buyer Firms Do to Encourage Sustainability in African GVCs? -- Further Introductory Reflections -- References -- Contents -- Part I: Why Engage in GVC Sustainability Within Africa? -- Chapter 1: Maatian Philosophy, Sustainability, and Global Value Chains -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Maatian Philosophy -- 1.2.1 Meaning of Maat -- 1.2.2 Dimensions of Maatian Philosophy -- 1.3 Maatian Philosophy and Sustainability -- 1.3.1 Concept of Sustainability -- 1.3.2 Maatian Philosophy of Sustainability -- 1.4 Maatian Philosophy and Global Value Chains -- 1.4.1 Ancient Global Value Chains -- 1.4.2 Modern Global Value Chains -- 1.4.3 Maatian Philosophy and Global Value Chains -- 1.5 Maatian Philosophy and Sustainable Global Value Chains -- 1.6 Societal Welfare -- 1.7 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 2: Sustainable Performance of Large African Firms in Global Value Chains -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Research Objectives and Methodology -- 2.3 Descriptive Analysis -- 2.4 Category Identification -- 2.4.1 Drivers -- 2.4.2 Barriers -- 2.4.3 Outcomes -- 2.5 Discussion and Research Implications -- 2.5.1 Drivers -- 2.5.2 Barriers -- 2.5.3 Outcomes -- 2.5.4 Overall Framework Discussion -- 2.6 Implications for Practice -- 2.7 Conclusion and Further Research -- References -- Chapter 3: Sustainability for Global Value Chains: A Bibliometric Review on African-Based Studies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Research Keywords -- 3.2.2 Software Used -- 3.3 Bibliometric Analysis.

"This state-of-the-field volume brings together critical essays by the fellows of the Framing the Global project, a collaboration between IUP and the Center for the Study of Global Change, IUB. This five-year project is funded by the Mellon Foundation as part of its Universities and Their Presses initiative. The goals of this project are to identify, explore, and integrate new interdisciplinary perspectives for the study of global issues; promote and advance research on globalization, global studies, and transnational phenomena; and facilitate the publication by IUP of innovative work generated by this research. Each essay in the volume will be framed around a key concept, with discussion of the contributor's analytical framework and empirical research. The terms and concepts that are highlighted--as much entry points for thinking about the global as they are keywords for analysis and scholarly debate--have emerged in the course of each participant's engagement with existing approaches to global studies, a particular research question, and the ideas generated through the collaboration of the FTG group. The selected terms offer a conceptual toolkit for global research for the 21st century. The essays will provide examples and insight into conducting research on a wide range of global themes, prefiguring the themes of the book-length manuscripts the fellows will prepare for publication by IUP over the next 1-2 years. Sociologist Saskia Sassen, who was FTG visiting scholar in 2011, has agreed to write a foreword"--

This article examines the outcome of the EU policy process from various comparative perspectives in an effort to distinguish the "net effects" of EU membership and EU-level regimes from more general - perhaps global - processes of change. It argues that the major features of liberalization would have been diffused to most if not all member states even in the absence of the European Commission, other agents of supranationalism, and EU-level intergovernmental commitment to liberalize. This is not to suggest that Europeanization does not matter but that it matters in less obvious and perhaps in less critical ways than is frequently assumed. The argument is supported by comparative empirical analysis of the spatial and temporal diffusion of liberalization since the 1980s and of nationalization since the late 19th century.

This article examines the outcome of the EU policy process from various comparative perspectives in an effort to distinguish the "net effects" of EU membership and EU-level regimes from more general - perhaps global - processes of change. It argues that the major features of liberalization would have been diffused to most if not all member states even in the absence of the European Commission, other agents of supranationalism, and EU-level intergovernmental commitment to liberalize. This is not to suggest that Europeanization does not matter but that it matters in less obvious and perhaps in less critical ways than is frequently assumed. The argument is supported by comparative empirical analysis of the spatial and temporal diffusion of liberalization since the 1980s and of nationalization since the late 19th century.

Global engagement between schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States and many regions of the world is increasing. For an enriching and fruitful interaction, sensitivity toward the cultural, ethical, educational, religious, historical, political, regulatory, and practice issues is critical. Lack of sensitivity may negatively impact engagement among students, professionals and other people from different regions of the world. In this special issue, eight papers will introduce general information about five regions of the world that have established and increased global engagements with institutions in the United States: Africa, the Arab world, Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America. In addition, the special issue will include a paper with key information related to global engagement within the United States. For each paper, the specifics provided about the selected countries include: demographics, culture, climate, pharmacy education, and health care systems, as well as common stereotypes and misconceptions held by and about the people of the country. Further, recommendations for pharmacists and other health care professionals on culturally sensitive engagement will be emphasized. Finally, recommendations for culturally sensitive engagement when US schools are hosting students and faculty members from those regions will be summarized. The papers are based on literature reviews of databases from 2000 to 2018 and internet searches with specific keywords or terms, such as cultural sensitivity, global, pharmacy, stereotypes, and ethics. Additional keywords are identified in individual papers on specific regions. Authors for each paper consist of practitioners with experience in travelling to and hosting students and professionals from the regions; practitioners with local work experience, and professionals from each region. The special issue is intended to serve as a resource for US schools and colleges of pharmacy currently engaged in or considering future outreach opportunities in these regions, and for ...

List of illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: there must certainly be some such place -- Nation and brand : keywords for the twenty-first century -- The new and improved nation : how culture became competitive -- Living the brand : the identity strategies of nation branding consultants -- Creative tension, normal nation : branding national identity in Poland -- From bland to brand : transforming Canadian culture -- Trading spaces : the world tour -- Conclusion: variable utopias -- List of references -- Notes -- Index