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Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) And 2401 (2018) : Report Of The Secretary-general

Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) And 2393 (2017) : Report Of The Secretary-general

Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) And 2401 (2018) : Report Of The Secretary-general

Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) And 2393 (2017) : Report Of The Secretary-general

Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) And 2401 (2018) : Report Of The Secretary-general

Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015) And 2332 (2016): Report Of The Secretary-general

Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015) And 2332 (2016) : Report Of The Secretary-general

The Council of the League of Arab States at Summit Level

International audience ; In this study, we focus on the problem of locating optimally temporary military zones with the aim of minimizing the number of civil flight trajectories impacted by the military activity, and the distance between the military zone and the military base. We model the military zones by 2D geometry shapes with a vertical extension associated to given flight levels during the temporary zone-activation time window. We propose a mathematical formulation of this problem as a constrained-optimization problem. We then introduce a global optimization methodology based on a simulated annealing algorithm featuring tailored neighborhood-search strategies. This is applied to one day of French traffic involving 8,836 civil flights. The results show that the proposed method is efficient to locate the military zone that is nearest from the military base, while minimizing the impact on civil flight trajectories.

International audience ; In this study, we focus on the problem of locating optimally temporary military zones with the aim of minimizing the number of civil flight trajectories impacted by the military activity, and the distance between the military zone and the military base. We model the military zones by 2D geometry shapes with a vertical extension associated to given flight levels during the temporary zone-activation time window. We propose a mathematical formulation of this problem as a constrained-optimization problem. We then introduce a global optimization methodology based on a simulated annealing algorithm featuring tailored neighborhood-search strategies. This is applied to one day of French traffic involving 8,836 civil flights. The results show that the proposed method is efficient to locate the military zone that is nearest from the military base, while minimizing the impact on civil flight trajectories.

Texto en español; resúmenes en inglés y español ; Bibliografía: p. 209-236. Índice ; Sumario: La obra estudia la presencia de ingenieros de origen extranjero en colaboración con el Ejército español durante los siglos XVI al XVIII. Primero fueron contingentes de italianos y flamencos que colaboraron en las tareas de defensa y toma de plazas en los conflictos europeos y en la protección de las tierras americanas. Después con la Guerra de Sucesión española fueron ingenieros franceses, los que además pusieron las bases para la formación del Cuerpo de Ingenieros en el Ejército español en 1711.

It is now nine years since the outbreak of the Chinese revolution. It is fifteen years since the Manchus attempted to maintain their control by introducing representative institutions into China. The development toward constitutional and representative government under the Manchus was checked in 1911 by the revolutionary movement. When the Chinese Republic was established as the successor to the alien Manchu Empire it was felt that the problem of modernizing China bade fair to be solved, and that in an orderly way her political institutions would be brought into harmony with western standards. Unfortunately that orderly progress has not come. Parliamentary government under the Nanking (provisional) Constitution was replaced by the dictatorship of Yuan Shih-kai under the arrangements of the so-called constitutional compact, which in turn was followed by the attempt to reëstablish the monarchy. The failure of the monarchy movement brought back parliamentary government, but before a permanent constitution could be adopted Parliament was again dissolved, and a government controlled by a military clique set up in its place. Since this military government was unacceptable to the southern provinces, the country became divided. So far it has not been possible for the country to reconcile its differences. Instead of an ordered constitutional progress, has come apparent failure in the effort to establish representative government. The name of a republic has been maintained, it is true, and the forms of constitutional government have been retained, but a permanent national government has not been set up, nor has popular government replaced the paternal despotism of the past.

ABSTRACTThis paper expands the shift‐share technique by developing a methodology for selecting and including both primary‐ and secondary‐base economies in the shift‐share model. This is useful when the shift‐share technique is applied to subregional economies, whose economic growth is typically tied to the economies of both the state and the nation. The expanded methodology is illustrated with data from the Lowell, Massachusetts, Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA).

Incorporating the development risks defence (DRD) into Product Liability Directive 85/374/EEC has been the most controversial issue in product liability debates. Although it is possible for the Member States to derogate from the DRD, only Finland and Luxemburg apply development risk derogation set out in Article 15 §1(b) of the Directive to all products. This derogation is partially applied in France, Spain and Hungry. Aside from providing an introduction to history of the divergences on DRD at national and supranational levels, this paper analyses economic and legal bases of proponent of this defence and critically makes separate analysis about them. Overall, economic and legal views of the opponents refer to bases that specially manifest themselves in academic literature and the legislative, economic, political debates. With reference to the European literature and debates, this paper attempts to elaborate that the DRD is not only an economic and legal issue but also social and political one. Regarding to these diffused bases, it is possible to conclude that the arguments put forward in favour of maintaining the DRD are susceptible to criticism.