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The International Court of Justice as the main judicial body of the United Nations has had several occasions to rule on human rights aspects. It did so in an advisory manner, but also in legal proceedings. Thus, in its numerous decisions, it had the opportunity to point out that respect for human rights is an international obligation binding on all States. In the context of the Court's interventions in the field of human rights, a number of assessments can be made as to their impact both on States, on international organisations and institutions or on the international community in general. Therefore, what assessment can we make of the role of the International Court of Justice in protecting human rights? I shall therefore first reflect on the effectiveness of its action in the light of international law and then consider the limits of its intervention in the field of human rights. ; International audience ; The International Court of Justice as the main judicial body of the United Nations has had several occasions to rule on human rights aspects. It did so in an advisory manner, but also in legal proceedings. Thus, in its numerous decisions, it had the opportunity to point out that respect for human rights is an international obligation binding on all States. In the context of the Court's interventions in the field of human rights, a number of assessments can be made as to their impact both on States, on international organisations and institutions or on the international community in general. Therefore, what assessment can we make of the role of the International Court of Justice in protecting human rights? I shall therefore first reflect on the effectiveness of its action in the light of international law and then consider the limits of its intervention in the field of human rights. ; La Cour internationale de justice en qualité d'organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies a eu l'occasion à plusieurs reprises de se prononcer sur des aspects touchant aux droits de l'homme. Elle l'a fait par voie ...

The Oxford Handbook of International Law and Development is a unique overview of the field of international law and development, examining how normative beliefs and assumptions around development are instantiated in law, and critically examining disciplinary frameworks, competing agendas, legal actors and institutions, and alternative futures.

AbstractIn this perspective, we consider the possible role of the United Nations (UN) with respect to existential risks to human civilization and the survival of humanity. We illustrate how existential risks have been discussed at an international governance level, specifically in documents in the UN Digital Library. In this large corpus, discussions of nuclear war account for over two‐thirds (69%, 67/97) of mentions of existential risks, while mention of other existential risks, or such risks as a category, appears scant. We take these observations to imply inadequate attention to these significant threats. These deficits, combined with the need for a global response to many risks, suggest that UN member nations should urgently advocate for appropriate action at the UN to address threats, such as artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, geoengineering, and supervolcanic eruption, in analogous fashion to existing attempts to mitigate the threats from nuclear war or near‐Earth objects.

In the period between the two polar years 1882/83 and 1932/33, the classical captive and sounding balloon ascent methods developed at aerological observatories were also employed in the polar regions. It was only in the period leading up to the second Polar Year that radiosonde ascents and aircraft sounding came into use as new methods of aerological research. In the North Polar region, vertical temperature, humidity and wind profiles in the boundary layer were developed overseas (Arthur Berson, Hermann Elias, Hugo Hergesell) and in Greenland (Max Robitzsch, Alfred Wegener and others) during the early decades of the twentieth century with the aid of kite, captive and sounding balloon ascents. Here special attention was paid to cloud and inversion layers as well as to the catabatic wind then described for the first time. Various types of boundary layers, among them the extreme stratification conditions during the polar night, were also found by George Clarke Simpson and Erich Barkow in the Antarctic. Barkow's micrometeorological measurements, including the registration of turbulent temperature fluctuations, are worthy of particular mention.

This article highlights the opportunity available for the Chinese navy to participate in international efforts to improve and coordinate cooperation in the rescue of disabled submarines.

The book features the first volume of the proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the International Association of Cultural and Digital Tourism (IACuDiT), with the theme "Recent Advancements in Tourism Business, Technology, and Social Sciences," which was held from August 29 to 31, 2023, in Crete, Greece. It showcases the latest research on Tourism Business, Technology, and Social Sciences and presents a critical academic discourse on smart and sustainable practices in the tourism industry, stimulating future debates and advancing readers' knowledge and understanding of this critical area of tourism business in the post-COVID-19 era. COVID-19 produced dramatic effects on the global economy, business activities, and people, with tourism being particularly affected. The book discusses the resulting digital transformation process in a range of areas, including its effect on the social sciences combined with special forms of tourism. This accelerated digitalization encourages the emergence of new digital products and services based on the principle of flexibility. The book focuses on the knowledge economy and smart destinations, as well as new modes of tourism management and development, and includes chapters on emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data, and robotics in connection with various tourism practices.

The book features the second volume of the proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the International Association of Cultural and Digital Tourism (IACuDiT), with the theme "Recent Advancements in Tourism Business, Technology, and Social Sciences," which was held from August 29 to 31, 2023, in Crete, Greece. It showcases the latest research on Tourism Business, Technology, and Social Sciences and presents a critical academic discourse on smart and sustainable practices in the tourism industry, stimulating future debates and advancing readers' knowledge and understanding of this critical area of tourism business in the post-COVID-19 era. COVID-19 produced dramatic effects on the global economy, business activities, and people, with tourism being particularly affected. The book discusses the resulting digital transformation process in a range of areas, including its effect on the social sciences combined with special forms of tourism. This accelerated digitalization encourages the emergence of new digital products and services based on the principle of flexibility. The book focuses on the knowledge economy and smart destinations, as well as new modes of tourism management and development, and includes chapters on emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data, and robotics in connection with various tourism practices.

This article investigates how the means by which actors compete for position in the management of international society stratifies international order. Advancing scholarship on hierarchies, it applies a theory of social closure to examine two status groups, The Family of Civilised Nations and the G20, arguing that stratification is reproduced by a dynamic interplay of top-down collectivist exclusion on the part of superiorly positioned actors and bottom-up mimicry performed by those inferiorly positioned. As such, the same means of closure which used the Standard of Civilisation to exclude outsiders from the Family of Civilised Nations in the past stratifies non-state actors today, particularly international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) seeking to play a role in-the G20. This article offers amendments to closure theory in International Relations (IR), demonstrating its utility for analysing contemporary international politics, engaging in trans-historical analysis, and in incorporating non-state actors into enquiry.

Circulations of affect in global politics -- Contagion and the creativity of affect -- The affective politics of terror -- Emotions and ethnic conflict -- Justice beyond hatred -- Conclusion