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A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-021-09483-6

Cover -- Dedication -- Book Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- SMUGGLERS! -- Chapter One Romantic Rebels? Or Despicable Thieves? -- WHEN? -- Chapter Two From Medieval to Modern -- WHY? -- Chapter Three To Pay or Not to Pay? That Tricky Matter of Tax -- WHO? -- Chapter Four Lone Fisherman or Organised Gang? -- Chapter Five Upholding the Law -- Chapter Six The Gangs -- Chapter Seven The Battle of Sidley Green -- Chapter Eight Naming Names -- HOW? -- Chapter Nine Ponies Trotting through the Dark? -- Chapter Ten The Tricks of the Trade (or how to fool the revenue men) -- WHAT? -- Chapter Eleven From 'Baccy to Brandy -- WHERE? -- Chapter Twelve Quiet Cove to Sandy Beach -- Chapter Thirteen The South-East -- Chapter Fourteen The East Coast -- Chapter Fifteen Wales, Isle of Man, Ireland and Scotland -- Chapter Sixteen The Smuggler's Rest (or Pausing for a Tot or Two of Brandy) -- Chapter Seventeen On The Other Side of the Pond -- PUNISHMENT FOR THE CRIME -- Chapter Eighteen Did it All End at the Gallows? -- FACT AND FICTION? -- Chapter Nineteen Escape into a Novel -- Chapter Twenty Them that ask no Questions isn't Told a Lie -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography and Further Reading -- Find Out More -- Back Cover.

The article analyzes the system of state bodies for combating smuggling. According to the most common classification of state bodies by the criterion of the breadth of competence, there are state bodies of general and special competence. If we adhere to this classification, the general bodies of counteraction to smuggling are state bodies of general competence, which are the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet of Ministers, the President of Ukraine. The bodies of special competence are the security forces, judicial and law enforcement agencies. It is determined that there is no single definition of the concept of law enforcement agencies in the legislation, it is provided in various regulations.Anti-smuggling law enforcement agencies are state bodies that implement the law enforcement and law enforcement function of the state, which have the authority to apply measures to detect, prevent, eliminate crimes and other offenses related to smuggling, have the right to bring to justice those responsible for such offenses, and may, if necessary, apply state coercion. The participation of these bodies in combating smuggling is realized through appropriate forms of cooperation.The form of interaction between security forces, judicial and law enforcement agencies in combating smuggling means the outwardly expressed organizational and procedural-legal coordinated activities of various parts of the system of public authorities in the field of combating smuggling, carried out within their competence. All forms of cooperation in the field of combating smuggling can be divided into two major groups: 1) procedural and legal forms, which are provided by criminal and administrative procedural law; 2) organizational and tactical forms that do not contradict the criminal and administrative procedural law, but may be provided by bylaws.Laws and bylaws are the basis for interaction between security forces, judicial and law enforcement agencies. By-laws include, first of all, joint orders, interaction plans, interdepartmental decisions, instructions. It is concluded that it is necessary to amend the legislation in this area. ; Проаналізовано систему державних органів протидії контрабанді. Розглянуто класифікацію державних органів. Визначено поняття "правоохоронні органи у сфері протидії контрабандіˮ і відповідні форми взаємодії сил безпеки, судових та правоохоронних органів. Зроблено висновок про необхідність внесення змін у законодавство в цій сфері.

The article analyzes the system of state bodies for combating smuggling. According to the most common classification of state bodies by the criterion of the breadth of competence, there are state bodies of general and special competence. If we adhere to this classification, the general bodies of counteraction to smuggling are state bodies of general competence, which are the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet of Ministers, the President of Ukraine. The bodies of special competence are the security forces, judicial and law enforcement agencies. It is determined that there is no single definition of the concept of law enforcement agencies in the legislation, it is provided in various regulations.Anti-smuggling law enforcement agencies are state bodies that implement the law enforcement and law enforcement function of the state, which have the authority to apply measures to detect, prevent, eliminate crimes and other offenses related to smuggling, have the right to bring to justice those responsible for such offenses, and may, if necessary, apply state coercion. The participation of these bodies in combating smuggling is realized through appropriate forms of cooperation.The form of interaction between security forces, judicial and law enforcement agencies in combating smuggling means the outwardly expressed organizational and procedural-legal coordinated activities of various parts of the system of public authorities in the field of combating smuggling, carried out within their competence. All forms of cooperation in the field of combating smuggling can be divided into two major groups: 1) procedural and legal forms, which are provided by criminal and administrative procedural law; 2) organizational and tactical forms that do not contradict the criminal and administrative procedural law, but may be provided by bylaws.Laws and bylaws are the basis for interaction between security forces, judicial and law enforcement agencies. By-laws include, first of all, joint orders, interaction plans, interdepartmental decisions, instructions. It is concluded that it is necessary to amend the legislation in this area. ; Проаналізовано систему державних органів протидії контрабанді. Розглянуто класифікацію державних органів. Визначено поняття "правоохоронні органи у сфері протидії контрабандіˮ і відповідні форми взаємодії сил безпеки, судових та правоохоронних органів. Зроблено висновок про необхідність внесення змін у законодавство в цій сфері.

The objective of the investigation is to legally analyze the crime of customs smuggling to the effective detriment of the Ecuadorian public heritage. It was developed from a documentary descriptive methodological orientation with bibliographic design. From the legal analysis, and from the objective of the proposed investigation, it is concluded that the crime of customs smuggling not only damages public assets of the State, but also affects the control of foreign trade. Therefore, the crime of smuggling is the entry of merchandise that arrives from another country to Ecuadorian territory, evading customs controls, in this way as the benefit granted exclusively to the locations of less advance, these areas are the locations adjoining. ; La investigación tiene por objetivo analizar jurídicamente el delito de contrabando aduanero en perjuicio efectivo al patrimonio público ecuatoriano. Se desarrolló desde una orientación metodológica descriptiva documental con diseño bibliográfico. Desde el análisis jurídico, y a partir del objetivo de la investigación planteado; se concluye que el delito de contrabando aduanero no sólo perjudica puntos patrimoniales públicos del Estado, sino que además afecta el control del comercio exterior. Por lo tanto, el delito de contrabando es el ingreso de mercadería que llega de otro país al territorio ecuatoriano, evadiendo los controles aduaneros, de esta forma como el de provecho otorgado de forma exclusiva a las ubicaciones de menor avance, estas zonas son las ubicaciones colindantes.

Analizar y determinar a través de procesos criminales y sentencias dictadas por la autoridades, cuáles fueron las razones del surgimiento del contrabando; qué sector de la población intervino en la actividad clandestina; precisar cuáles fueron las medidas aplicadas por la autoridad para detener este delito y averiguar si existió un trato preferencial para los condenados, son algunos de los objetivos que se plantearon alcanzar en esta investigación, partiendo del hecho de que antes del establecimiento del Estanco no existía el contrabando de chimó y urao o por lo menos no era perseguido con tanta rigurosidad ofi cial con la que se persiguió a quienes infringieron las leyes de la institución. Para ello, analizaremos los procesos legales seguidos en contra de este delito, defi nición del contrabando, los pasos para controlarlo, las sentencias dictadas por las autoridades y las razones para que surgiera y se desarrollara el comercio ilícito, así como sus consecuencias económicas y sociales. ; The purposes of the present research are the following: analyze and determine, through the criminal trials and rulings handed down by authorities, the reasons for the emergence of the contraband, which sector of the population was involved in this clandestine and illegal activity, specify the measures taken by the authorities in order to halt this crime and investigate whether preferential treatment was granted to the convicts; starting out from the fact that chimó (a type of chewing tobacco produced in Venezuela) and urao(sodium sesquicarbonate, used in the production of chimó ―from an aboriginal name for salt) smuggling did not exist before the establishment of El Estanco (the Spanish government's monopoly on tobacco production and trade). Or, at least, this contraband was not persecuted with the same rigor as people who incurred in the violation of regulations of the institution. In order to fulfi ll these purposes, we analyze the legal actions pursued against this crime, the defi nition of contraband, the measures taken in order to control contraband, the rulings handed down by authorities and the reasons for the rise and development of illicit trade, as well as its economic and social consequences. ; 211-234 ; alicia_morales@cantv.net ; enderapius@yahoo.com ; semestral

Magistrsko delo raziskuje dejavnike uspešnosti mednarodnih režimov, ki jih preverjam na primeru preprečevanja tihotapljenja ljudi v času migrantske krize. Ta režim je bil med leti 2015 in 2018 na največji preizkušnji v svoji zgodovini, saj je zaradi migrantske krize število migrantov, ki so nezakonito prečkali meje Evropske unije preraslo njene zmogljivosti. Ljudje so se v želji po osnovnih človekovih pravicah začeli množično zatekati k nezakonitim in mnogokrat smrtno nevarnim načinom migriranja. Režim proti tihotapljenju migrantov je prejemal vse več kritik, vendar ga niso razvijali z namenom regulacije problema tako velikih razsežnosti. Zaradi pomanjkanja interesa je njegov namen povečanje državnega nadzora nad migracijami in meddržavnega sodelovanja. Režim je namreč lahko najuspešnejši takrat, ko vsi akterji upoštevajo vse njegove sestavine: norme, načela, pravila in pravila odločanja. V delu preverjam upoštevanje teh sestavin na primeru štirih mednarodnih organizacij: Organizacija za varnost in sodelovanje v Evropi, Evropski policijski urad, Mednarodna organizacija kriminalistične policije in Urad Združenih narodov za droge in kriminal ter petih držav: Nemčija, Madžarska, Grčija, Francija in Slovenija. Trenutne politike, usmerjene k povečevanju povpraševanja po tihotapskih storitvah, je treba preoblikovati tako, da bodo identificirani dejavniki uspešnosti zaobjeli tudi izvorne države, ki bodo lahko začele prispevati svoj delež. ; This master's thesis explores the factors of effectiveness of international regimes that I test on the case of smuggling of migrants during the migrant crisis. This regime had its greatest trial in its history between the years 2015 and 2018 why because the migrant crisis increased the number of migrants that could legally cross the borders of the European Union. People, in the desire for basic human rights, began to massively resort to illegal and many times deadly ways of smuggling. The regime against the smuggling of migrants has begun to receive increasing criticism. However, it was not established with the aim to regulate the smuggling problem of such large proportions. Due to the lack of states' interest, its aim was to increase state control over migration and interstate cooperation. The regime can be most effective when all actors are concerned with all its components: norms, principles, rules and rules of decision-making. In the thesis I test the upkeeping of these components on four international organizations: Organization for security and cooperation in Europe, European union agency for law enforcement cooperation, International criminal police organization and United nations office on drugs and crime, and five countries: Germany, Hungary, Greece, France and Slovenia. Current policies are formed to increase the demand for smuggling services and need to be transformed in order for identified factors of effectiveness to capture countries of origin and make them contribute their share as well.