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Coalition theories have produced arguments about the importance of party positions for participation in government coalitions, but have not connected the existing government institutions (in particular agenda setting) with the coalition government that will be formed. This article presents a veto players' approach to coalition formation, which pushes the logic of non-cooperative game-theoretic models one step further: we argue that policy positions play a significant role in coalition formation because governments in parliamentary systems control the agenda of the policymaking process. As a result, the institutions that regulate this policymaking process affect coalition formation. In particular, positional advantages that a government may have (central policy position offormateur, fewer parties, and small policy distances among coalition partners) will become more necessary as a government has fewer institutional agenda setting advantages at its disposal. The empirical tests presented in this paper corroborate these expectations by explicitly accounting for the conditional effects of policy positions and institutional agenda setting rules on one another in a set of multilevel logit models.

For being stable the political system should include the circuit of information and communication stabilization. This circuit is formed by the communication channel «society -government» (public opinion and lobby system) and the conrmunication channel «government -society» (public relations and consultative structures). The communication channels and their mechanisms create the sphere of the public policy. The realization of the public policy as the constant dialogue between the society and the government is necessary for social and political stability. ; For being stable the political system should include the circuit of information and communication stabilization. This circuit is formed by the communication channel «society -government» (public opinion and lobby system) and the conrmunication channel «government -society» (public relations and consultative structures). The communication channels and their mechanisms create the sphere of the public policy. The realization of the public policy as the constant dialogue between the society and the government is necessary for social and political stability.

"Over the last thirty years Canadian policy on aboriginal issues has come to be dominated by an ideology that sees aboriginal peoples as "nations" entitled to specific rights. Indians and Inuit now enjoy legal privileges that include the inherent right to self-government, collective property rights, immunity from taxation, hunting and fishing rights without legal limits, and free housing, education, and medical care. Underpinning these privileges is what Tom Flanagan describes as "aboriginal orthodoxy"--The belief that prior residence in North America is an entitlement to special treatment. Flanagan shows that this orthodoxy enriches a small elite of activists, politicians, administrators, and well-connected entrepreneurs, while bringing further misery to the very people it is supposed to help. Controversial and thought-provoking, First Nations? Second Thoughts dissects the prevailing ideology that determines public policy towards Canada's aboriginal peoples. Flanagan analyzes the developments of the last ten years, showing how a conflict of visions has led to a stalemate in aboriginal policy-making. He concludes that aboriginal success will be achieved not as the result of public policy changes in government but through the actions of the people themselves."--

Prelims -- Refocusing performance management through public service design? -- An integrated framework toward public system governance: insights from viable systems approach -- Public support and corporate giving to the arts and culture in times of economic crisis: an exploratory analysis on the Italian case -- Working citizens' cross-sectoral preferences in England and Finland -- Government - third sector relations and the triple helix approach: patterns in the Italian social innovation ecosystem -- Paradigms of public management and the historical evolution of state - CSO partnerships: a comparison of AIDS, social assistance, and cultural policy -- Infrastructure projects as a value co-creation process -- The co-production of housing policies: social housing and community land trust -- Collaborative governance: a successful case of public and private interaction in the port city of Naples -- The relationships between government and civil society in performing public service hybrid organisations: some insights from a comparative study -- About the authors -- About the editors -- Index.

The new threats to US & international security emanate from countries with weak or illegitimate governments & strong societies. Traditional foreign policy is inadequate to understand events in weak states so that strong states think that they have no security alternative than the use of force. But strong states face a paradox. The use of force against weak states often weakens a strong state & strengthens the weak state & provokes increased resistance, as in the case of the Hezbollah in Lebanon. The paradox of state, society, & security is that the US & its allies cannot achieve security unless weak states become strong. Foreign policymakers must formulate dual policies: one for states & one for societies. The state oriented foreign policy would address the objective interests of the states & the social policy would address the subjective challenges of societies & cultures. References. J. Harwell

Discusses intentions and ramifications of US federal government attempts to legislate equal athletic opportunities for college and university women, focusing on use and misuse of Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments. Argues that intention and interpretation do not match, and that men's teams end up getting cut unnecessarily.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- THE CONTEXT -- A SLOW RECOVERY -- RISING RISKS, STILL MODERATE VULNERABILITIES -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Broadly Adequate Pace of Fiscal Consolidation but Need to Change the Composition of Spending -- B. Policy Rates on Hold for Now -- C. Flexible Exchange Rate, but Lingering External Competitiveness Problems -- D. Further Reserve Buildup Needed to Maintain Adequate Coverage for Precautionary Purpose -- E. Reliance on Monetary Stimulus in Severe Adverse Scenario -- JOB CREATING POLICIES -- REGIONAL INTEGRATION -- STRENGTHENING FINANCIAL STABILITY -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- TABLES -- 1. Authorities' Response to Past IMF Policy Recommendations -- 2. Risk Assessment Matrix -- 3. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2008-17 -- 4. Consolidated Government Operations, 2008/09-2014/15 -- 5. Statement of Operations-National Government Main Budget 2008/09-2014/15 -- 6. Balance of Payments, 2009-2017 -- 7. Monetary Survey 2004-2011 -- 8. Financial Soundness Indicators 2008-2011 -- FIGURES -- 1. Impact of Global Slowdown -- 2. Slowdown in Economic Activity -- 3. More Gradual Fiscal Consolidation -- 4. Well-Managed Public Debt -- 5. High Government Wage Bill -- 6. Continued Monetary Support -- 7. Volatile Asset Prices -- 8. Enduring Problems with External Competitiveness -- 9. Fiscal Space South Africa and EM 20 Peer Countries: 2007 and 2012 -- 10. Product Market Highlights -- 11. Labor Market Highlights -- 12. Regional Integration and Interlinkages -- 13. Resilient Banking System -- BOXES -- 1. Toward a National Health Insurance Scheme -- 2. External Sector Assessment -- APPENDICES -- I. Inward and Outward Spillovers -- II. Estimating the Implicit Inflation Target -- III. Real Wage, Labor Productivity, and Employment -- IV. A Financial Conditions Index for South Africa -- CONTENTS -- RELATIONS WITH THE IMF -- THE JMAP BANK IMF MATRIX.

Contemplates the sheer scale of the task facing the Labour Party if it wishes to be a party of government again. Seeks to resolve one of the Labour Party's current dilemmas with the tough advice that it will need both major changes of policy and an electoral pact if it is to recover. (AM)

This research depicts the dynamics of street vendors' resistance to the city government's policy. The research applied qualitative approach with research strategy of case study. The research result showed that street vendors' strategies in dealing with the city government were devised in various ways, both covert and open ones. Covert resistance tended to be put up when street vendors were already in a weak position. However, when street vendors were in a firm position, they tended to choose open resistance. The theme of resistance was adjusted to the situation and policies imposed by the government. When eviction was carried out, street vendors' resistance was focused on the effort to ask for space for trading. When relocation was carried out, street vendors' resistance was put up to obtain strategic locations and empowerment programs. When the zoning system was applied, street vendors attempted to intervene in the criterion of green, yellow, and red zones.

The NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics brings together leading American and European economists to discuss a broad range of current issues in global macroeconomics. An international companion to the more American-focused NBER Macroeconomics Annual, the 2005 volume first explores macroeconomic issues of interest to all advanced economies, then analyzes topical questions concerning the eastward expansion of the European Monetary Union. Jeffrey A. Frankel is James W. Harpel Professor of Capital Formation and Economic Growth at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. Christopher A. Pissarides is Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics. Both are Research Associates at the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Abstract
Scholars and practitioners have, for many decades, sought to address management issues related to public sector policies. This study examines the academic research on this sector focused on these topics by conducting an automated computer analysis of 17,928 documents indexed in Scopus and published between 1950 and 2021. Six clusters were identified within this literature: economic growth during crises, reforms for the future, human relations, successful practices, partnerships and public banking services. This study thus systematises the lessons learned over the past decades, thereby contributing to governments' ability to design public policies to meet future challenges and providing tools for dealing with the current coronavirus disease-19 pandemic.

Abstract
Over the last 20 years, numerous states and the federal government enacted mandatory minimum reforms, especially for drug offenses. Yet little is known about how effective these reforms have been at the state-level in lowering drug sentences. Using quasi-experimental methods and administrative data, this study evaluates the impact of state-level mandatory minimum reforms on drug sentences and their concomitant racial-ethnic disparities. We find that state-level mandatory minimum reforms do not lower drug sentences in general or change racial-ethnic disparities statistically significantly. These findings suggest that the profound racial-ethnic bias sparked by state-level mandatory minimums are not fully ameliorated by subsequent state-level reforms.

Abstract
While autonomy arguments provide a compelling foundation for free speech, they also support individual privacy rights. Considering how speech and privacy may be justified, I will argue that the speech necessary for self-government does not need to include details that would violate privacy rights. Additionally, I will argue that if viewed as a kind of intangible property right, informational privacy should limit speech and expression in a range of cases. In a world where we have an overabundance of content to consume, much of which could be called "information pollution," and where there are numerous platforms to broadcast one's expressions, it is increasingly difficult to maintain that speech should trump privacy.

Abstract
This study empirically tests the effects of the introduction of copayments on healthcare utilization in the Korea's medical aid program (MAP). Due to a growing concern about overutilization of public healthcare and government's financial burden, the Korean government reformed the MAP in 2007 and introduced copayments for outpatient care of Type 1 enrollees who had borne no medical treatment cost until the reform. Exploiting the natural experiment of 2007 reform, we perform a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis with propensity score matching and conclude that the introduction of copayments reduces healthcare utilization in the short-run through heterogeneous effect on the outpatient services consumption distribution, but this effect rapidly disappears over time.

This article provides a reflection on the period since the May 2004 Central and Eastern European (CEE) accession and subsequent migration to the UK, and on shifting perspectives of and towards CEE migrants in this period. The authors have been researching this phenomenon in the North of England since 2005 through a series of studies as well as ongoing engagement with regional respondents. CEE migration is analysed through the perspectives of government, employers and trade union interests. A central argument is that attitudes to CEE migrants changed following the 2008 financial crisis as funding for local authorities was reduced, obscuring evidence-based arguments for their value to the UK labour market.