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This research aims to examine the use of forceauthorization of EUNAVFOR MED in Mediterranean Sea regarding the migrant smuggling according to UNSCR 2240, UNCLOS 1982, and Smuggling Protocol 2000. This study is a normative legal research. The type of approach used is the legislative approach and the conceptual approach. The legal material of this study includes primary and secondary legal materials using library research techniques. The analysis technique uses syllogistic methods through deductive thinking patterns. The results of the study indicate that EUNAVFOR MED's operation is a lawful use of force and migrant smuggling is a threat towards international peace and security which requires authorization to use armed force by UNSCR 2240. EUNAVFOR MED will retain the right to carry out their operations based on those three legal bases

Abstract:In recent years, the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)1 as well as several Al-Qaida affiliates have used the systematic and large-scale looting of antiquities as one of their income streams. Due to the large-scale and organized looting activities of these groups, in particular, in Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), following various reports and recommendations by the ISIL, Al-Qaida and Taliban Monitoring Team has adopted a range of measures, chiefly among them the landmark UNSC Resolution 2347 (2017) to counter this threat. These measures demand that both member states' regulators as well as private sector stakeholders take specific action to ensure that the art and antiquity trading industry is capable of defending itself against the misuse of their services to finance terrorism. This article outlines the various challenges member states and private industry are facing in this regard and explains how the various new UNSC provisions, including the measures outlined in UNSC Resolution 2347 (2017), could be employed effectively to counter this threat.

The article considers new ways to move contraband of the alcohol and tobacco products in the Kaliningrad region and measures to combat them. The greatest danger is the smuggling of alcohol and tobacco products using the method of "Drone." Unmanned aerial vehicles are popular not only in the military and aviation, currently they are available to all. To combat this type of smuggling is proposed to use different suppressors. Authors also discussed the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to combat smuggling. ; В статье рассмотрены новые способы перемещения контрабанды алкогольной и табачной продукции в Калининградской области и меры борьбы с ними. Наибольшую опасность представляет контрабанда алкогольной продукции и табачных изделий с использованием метода «Беспилотник». Беспилотные летательные аппараты популярные не только в военном деле и авиации, в настоящее время они доступны всем. Для борьбы с таким видом контрабанды предлагается использовать различные подавители. Также рассмотрены вопросы применения беспилотных летательных аппаратов для борьбы с контрабандой.

El presente proyecto de investigación hace una recopilación de las principales formas de contrabando que se ejecutan en la actualidad en la frontera colombo venezolana, exponiendo la problemática social que este aspecto ha desencadenado para la sociedad. Se analiza en especial distintos aspectos en los departamentos de Arauca, Norte de Santander, entre otros, que son los lugares directamente implicados con el contrabando en sus distintas formas. Por último, se hace una discusión y se presentan unas conclusiones en torno a la problemática del contrabando y las políticas públicas que en Colombia se han trazado frente al abandono del tema por haberse dedicado más a la eliminación de los grupos al margen de la ley como las FARC, el ELN en el interior del país que a la protección integral de aspectos tan álgidos como el contrabando en todas sus formas. ; Tabla de contenido Pág. Resumen 11 Introducción 13 1. Formulación del problema 15 2. Justificación 17 3. Objetivos 19 3.1 Objetivo general 19 3.2 Objetivos específicos 19 4. Hipótesis del trabajo 20 5. Marco teórico 21 5.1. El Crimen Organizado 21 5.2. Caracterización del crimen organizado 23 5.2.1. El contrabando 25 5.3. Globalización y crimen organizado 28 5.4. Crimen trasnacional organizado 29 5.5. Crimen transnacional en la frontera colombo-venezolana 34 5.6 Teoría de los complejos de seguridad regional CSR 35 6. Metodología 38 7. Resultados y Hallazgos 40 7.1 Geopolítica sobre la frontera colombo-venezolana 40 7.2 Caracterización geopolítica de la frontera colombo-venezolana 40 7.3 Características de Norte de Santander 41 7.4 Desarrollo del narcotráfico en la región del Catatumbo 44 7.5 Presencia institucional en la región de Norte de Santander 56 7.6 Aspectos sociales 60 7.7 Seguridad 62 7.8 Educativa 67 7.9 Economía publica 70 7.10 Indicador de desempleo informal 75 7.11 Planes institucionales 77 7.12 Social "asistencia a la población" 79 7.13 Infraestructura 81 7.14 Vías primarias, secundarias, terciarias 83 7.15 Control fronterizo 84 7.16 Fluvial 86 7.17 Política - estructuras políticas de la región 87 7.18 Corrupción: comparación de partidos políticos más marcados 88 7.19 Rotación política de partidos 89 7.20 Diferencia de partidos, diferencia de personas 89 7.21 Características de Arauca 90 7.22 Caracterización del Departamento de Arauca 7.23 Desarrollo del narcotráfico en el Departamento de Arauca 93 7.24 Presencia institucional 100 7.25 Sociales 104 7.26 Seguridad 104 7.27 Educativa 109 7.28 Economía Pública 111 7.29 Indicador de desempleo informal 114 7.30 Planes institucionales 116 7.31 Social "asistencia a la población" 118 7.32 Infraestructura 120 7.33 Vial primarias secundarias terciarias 121 7.34 Control fronterizo 124 7.36 Política - estructuras políticas de la región 128 7.37 Corrupción comparación de partidos políticos más marcados 130 7.38 Rotación política partidos 131 7.39 Diferencia de partidos diferencia de personas 133 7.40 Comparación de los departamentos 134 7.40.1 Desarrollo del narcotráfico en la zona de frontera 134 7.41 Presencia institucional en las regiones de Arauca y Norte de Santander 136 7.42 Aspectos sociales 138 7.43 Seguridad 140 7.44 Educativa 143 7.45 Economía Pública 145 7.46 Indicador de desempleo informal 147 7.47 Planes Institucionales 151 7.48 Asistencia social 154 7.49 Infraestructura 157 7.50 Diferencia de partidos diferencia de personas 160 7.51 Contrabando 162 7.52 Contrabando 166 7.53 Contrabando en Arauca 169 7.54 Seguridad 171 8. Discusión de la Problemática 176 Conclusiones 183 Recomendaciones 186 Referencias Bibliográficas 187 ; This research project compiles the main forms of smuggling that are currently being carried out in the Venezuelan-Colombian border, exposing the social problems that this aspect has unleashed for society. In particular, different aspects are analyzed in the departments of Arauca, Norte de Santander, among others, which are the places directly involved in smuggling in their different forms. Finally, a discussion is made and some conclusions are presented about the problem of contraband and the public policies that have been drawn up in Colombia in the face of the abandonment of the issue because it has been more dedicated to the elimination of groups outside the law as the FARC, the ELN in the interior of the country that to the integral protection of aspects as high as the smuggling in all its forms.

Purpose: ASEAN-China Free Trade Area or ACFTA was established by ASEAN states and China to create free trade areas by removing barriers to trade in goods and services. While economic cooperation between the ACFTA state members increases, inter-states goods smuggling still happens and affects the economy sector. This article will study, whether ACFTA regulates goods smuggling especially between China and ASEAN and, how the way the ACFTA could learn from the European Union's systems to resolve goods smuggling and fraud to help ASEAN in reducing the rate of smuggling of imported goods from Indonesian approach. Methodology: This study has employed a normative legal research method with a comparison approach to explain how ACFTA could develop the agreement role in ASEAN to reduce and exterminate goods smuggling activities by comparing the current system with the European Union form of law system and agreement. Main Findings: This study found out that ACFTA missed the discussion about goods smuggling. Trader's intention to avoid taxes and import duties from importing countries has pushed the import goods smuggling to increase. A large number of Indonesian traders, especially in the outermost area did goods smuggling because of their dependence through the import goods from neighborhood countries. A developed regional framework like the European Union has a special institution that coming from joint European countries authorities working to resolve smuggling matters. Implications/Applications: The study will provide the details related to ACFTA, whether they regulate the import and goods smuggling between China and ASEAN Countries. Learning from the European Union law system and agreement regarding this matter, hoped to be an example for ACFTA to develop the regulation regarding the same matter. Novelty/Originality of this study: Study about the extermination of goods smuggling in ASEAN has not got enough attention from society, meanwhile, it gave an adverse effect on taxation and the economic sector in every state.

The state's position is at odds with the text and original meaning of the Constitution and would set a dangerous precedent if accepted by federal courts.