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This book explores closely related aspects of the historical study of humour. It challenges much that has been taken for granted in a field of study for which history has been marginal. It disputes the conventional genealogical view that humour theory dates from antiquity and outlines an alternative conceptual history. It critically examines the nostrum that humour is universal. It then explores the methodological difficulties in treating both verbal and non-verbal humour historically, dealing with contextualisation, intentionality, translation and reception. It explores the variable relationships between satire and definition and concludes with a detailed case study from recent history: the iconic Yes Minister and Yes, Prime Minister television comedies. These are commonly seen as realistic, but better understood as presenting popularised theories for satiric and propagandistic effect. Only in their treatment of language can we assess a putative political realism. The satires are often highly perceptive but largely dependent on misleading and inadequate theories of political discourse. Conal Condren is an Emeritus Scientia Professor at UNSW, a member of two Cambridge Colleges and a fellow both of the Australian Academy of the Humanities and The Social Sciences in Australia. He has published widely and principally in early modern intellectual history. Among his books are The Status and Appraisal of Classic Texts; Argument and Authority in Early Modern England; Political Vocabularies: Word Change and the Nature of Politics.

The paper presents some aspects of geographical view of the motivational factor tourist movements in northeastern Montenegro on example, the municipality Berane, Andrejevica and Plav. Bjelasica, high mountain range Komova, spatial zone Berane and Mountain system Prokletija providing opportunities for development of various types of mountain tourism, such as the sports and recreation, health, summer pasture, hiking, hunting, fishing … As another important group of attractive values of, appear attractive and social factors, which allow the counted among the following elements: cultural and historical monuments, cultural institutions, various cultural events ... Significant cultural and historical heritage of this part of north-eastern Montenegro, not yet adequately valorized. In order to achieve desired economic growth, change, renewal and improvement of the overall economy, it is understood and tourism, it is appropriate and adequate conception of development strategies. Assessment of the state of tourism is a prerequisite for defining the development goals, which fit into the overall vision of progress and active involvement in the immediate environment and the wider European mainstream.

Field practice is considered as an important part of academic education, but the researches of its aspects and effects are underrepresented. The paper is aimed at: examination of the representation of field practice aspects among undergraduate students of social politics and social work at the Faculty of Political Sciences - University of Belgrade (FPS-UB) and its effects on development of students' professional competencies, an analysis of differences between students of various academic years and an analysis of the association the effects of practice has with characteristics of work organization - teaching base and cooperation with mentors. Research was conducted by TPS1 questionnaire among 201 students within all four years of academic studies. About four-fifths off all questioned students gave positive answers on majority of aspects of cooperation with mentors, practice organization by FPS-UB and teaching base and practice effects, but there were also some deficiencies. Cooperation with mentors and teaching base organization of practice are highly associated with practice effects and both variables combined have independent impact on variance of practice effects. Findings are discussed in the lights of contemporary researches. ; Terenska praksa je važan deo savremenog univerzitetskog obrazovanja, ali su istraživanja njenih aspekata i efekata nedovoljno zastupljena. Ciljevi rada su: analiza zastupljenosti aspekata terenske prakse i zadovoljstva ovim aspektima iz perspektive studenata osnovnih studija socijalne politike i socijalnog rada na Fakultetu političkih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu (FPN-UB), njenih efekata na razvoj profesionalnih kompetencija studenata, razlika između studenata različitih studijskih godina i povezanosti efekata prakse sa karakteristikama radne organizacije (nastavne baze za praksu) i sa saradnjom sa mentorima. Istraživanje je sprovedeno upitnikom TPS1 među 201 studentom sa sve četiri godine studija. Oko četiri petine studenata je pozitivno ocenilo većinu aspekata saradnje sa mentorom, organizacije prakse od strane FPN-UB i nastavne baze i efekata prakse, ali su se pokazali i nedostaci. Saradnja sa mentorom i organizacija prakse u nastavnoj bazi visoko su povezane s efektima prakse i obe varijable daju nezavisan uticaj na varijansu efekata prakse. Nalazi su diskutovani u svetlu savremenih istraživanja.

The purpose is to examine the relationship between the rank- &-file citizens in a Japanese community & their reputational leaders with respect to their value orientations. Empirical evidence supported the following hyp's: The leaders are more sociable, less authoritarian, & more internat'ly minded. No appreciable diff's (t test) between the leaders & the general pop sample R's were found as far as econ liberalism is concerned. On the basis of these findings, a few points of theoretical importance are suggested, eg, the leaders respond diff'ly to some of the items included because of their cognitive capacity to see things beyond their own interest. AA.

What are the social and political consequences of poor state governance and low state legitimacy? Under what conditions does lynching - lethal, extralegal group violence to punish offenses to the community - become an acceptable practice? We argue lynching emerges when neither the state nor its challengers have a monopoly over legitimate authority. When authority is contested or ambiguous, mass punishment for transgressions can emerge that is public, brutal, and requires broad participation. Using new cross-national data, we demonstrate lynching is a persistent problem in dozens of countries over the last four decades. Drawing on original survey and interview data from Haiti and South Africa, we show how lynching emerges and becomes accepted. Specifically, support for lynching most likely occurs in one of three conditions: when states fail to provide governance, when non-state actors provide social services, or when neighbors must rely on self-help.