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the city of Neuquén and the changes in provincial economic developments. From the transfer of the headquarters of the provincial government from Chos Malal to the area known as the 'Confluencia', the city of Neuquén became the capital of the province of Neuquén in 1904. it was more easily connected to the city of Buenos Aires.As livestock farming was the dominant activity in Western Neuquino, the most populous until the 1902s, agriculture and administrative activities were predominant in the Neuquino sector of the Upper Valle de Río Negro and Neuquén.Until 1950, the growth and characteristics of the population of the city of Neuquén did not differ greatly from those of other towns in Upper Valle, including General Roca and Cipolletti. for example, but since the late 1960s, demographic changes that accompanied economic changes had an impact on their differentiation. FIL: Kloster, Elba Eleonora. National University of the Comahue. Faculty of Humanities. Department of Geography; Argentina. ; La ciudad de Neuquén y los cambios en la evolución económica provincial.A partir del traslado de la sede del gobierno provincial desde Chos Malal al área conocida con el nombre de la "Confluencia",la ciudad de Neuquén se convirtió en 1904 en la capital de la provincia del mismo nombre.Se valorizó desde este momento al espacio oriental de la provincia el que, con la llegada del ferrocarril en 1902, quedó más fácilmente conectado con la ciudad de Buenos Aires.Así como la ganadería fue la actividad dominante en el territorio neuquino occidental, el más poblado hasta la década del treinta, la agricultura junto con las actividades administrativas, predominaron en el sector neuquino del Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén.Hasta 1950, el crecimiento y las características de la población de la ciudad de Neuquén no diferían demasiado de las de otras localidades del Alto Valle entre las que se puede citar a General Roca y Cipolletti, por ejemplo, pero desde fines de la década del sesenta, los cambios demográficos que acompañaron a los de ...

International audience Faced with some fundamental changes in the socio-cultural, political and media environment, political parties in post-industrialized democracies have started to initiate substantial transformations of both their organizational structures and communicative practices. Those innovations, described as professionalization, become most obvious during election campaigns. In recent times, the number of empirical studies measuring the degree of political parties' campaign professionalism has grown. They have relied on a broad spectrum of indicators derived from theory which have not been tested for their validity. For the first time, we put these indicators to a 'reality check' by asking top-ranked party secretaries and campaign managers in 12 European countries to offer their perceptions of professional election campaigning. Furthermore, we investigate whether any differences in understanding professionalism among party campaign practitioners can be explained by macro (country) and meso (party) factors. By and large, our results confirm the validity of most indicators applied in empirical studies on campaign professionalism so far. There are some party- and country-related differences in assessing campaign professionalism too, but the influence of most factors on practitioners' evaluations is weak. Therefore, we conclude that largely there is a far-reaching European Union-wide common understanding of professional election campaigning.

Transport infrastructures structure territories and shape trading networks. Over the last two decades, the People's Republic of China has orchestrated the infrastructural modernisation of the coastline at the service of an export economy. With the emergence of Eurasian rail networks, new space and strategic dimensions drive China. The rebalancing of domestic development towards the provinces of the interior is combined with the geopolitical ambitions on Central Asia. China promotes economic growth, political rapprochement and security stability with its neighbours and neighbours. The containerised rail networks linking Europe and China via Russia, Ka-zakhstan and Mongolia are the infrastructural building blocks of a vast scheme to build the largest economic market in the world. For Beijing's central government, a geo-strategic habile has committed itself to maintaining control over these new railway arteries. ; International audience Transport infrastructures structure territories and define trade networks. Over the past two decades, China has completed the infrastructural modernization of its coastal territories which serve their export oriented economy. With the emergence of Eurasian Rail Networks, new spatial and strategic drivers are taken into account by Beijing. The key objective is to combine an improved domestic economic growth in the remote landlocked provinces with geopolitical ambitions into Central Asia. China pro-motes economic development, political stability and security concerns within its inland provinces as well as with their neighbouring countries. Eurasian Rail Land bridges linking Europe to China by crossing Russia, Kazakhstan or Mongolia appear as one of the cornerstones to build the largest economic market of the World. And Beijing defi-nitely assumes a geostrategic role to keep the control of those new routes with a huge forthcoming potential. ; Transport infrastructures structure territories and shape trading networks. Over the last two decades, the People's Republic of China has ...

International audience The article reveals the mechanism of the right termination of proprietary relations in consequence of the adoption of the act of nationalization of property . The author makes attempt to solve the problem of civil protection of the right of ownership of the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine from illegal encroachments on the part of the relevant local government area. The analysis of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation on the issues is investigated. It is proved that in matters of protection of the property rights it is advisable to use the legal means by the principle of «reverse procedural activity». Its meaning is to use the mechanism of protection of the rights provided for by the national legislation of the Russian Federation, along with the laws of Ukraine.

The debate about the conceptual and chronological meaning of the notion of "State" finds its poles between the institutions of the ancient world, on one side, and the modern ones, on the other. Should monarchies of early modern be considered as States? What does "modern" mean in this case? This paper will try to reflect on the internal conflicts (political and religious, with the nobility, the Church, and the cities) and the external ones (with neighboring kingdoms and empires outside Europe), which were raised by the power-concentration processes involving the emergence of centralized State monarchies of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, to whom modern historians often call "modern States". ; El debate acerca de los límites conceptuales y cronológicos referidos a la noción de Estado oscila entre dos polos en su aplicación a las instituciones de la Antigüedad, por un lado, y de la contemporaneidad, por el otro. ¿Deben considerarse estados las monarquías de la primera modernidad? Por otra parte ¿En qué consiste esa modernidad? En este trabajo trataremos de reflexionar acerca de los conflictos internos (políticos y religiosos, con las noblezas, la Iglesia, las ciudades) y externos (con reinos vecinos e imperios extraeuropeos) suscitados por los procesos de concentración del poder que implicó el surgimiento de las monarquías centralizadas de los siglos XVI y XVII, que los historiadores modernistas suelen denominar Estado Moderno. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

3137 3146 64 11 ; S ; © 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. [EN] The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has attracted a rising interest in recent years to monitor the condition of rotating electrical machines in transient regime, because it can reveal the time-frequency behavior of the current's components associated to fault conditions. Nevertheless, the implementation of the wavelet transform (WT), especially on embedded or low-power devices, faces practical problems, such as the election of the mother wavelet, the tuning of its parameters, the coordination between the sampling frequency and the levels of the transform, and the construction of the bank of wavelet filters, with highly different bandwidths that constitute the core of the DWT. In this paper, a diagnostic system using the harmonic WT is proposed, which can alleviate these practical problems because it is built using a single fast Fourier transform of one phase's current. The harmonic wavelet was conceived to perform musical analysis, hence its name, and it has spread into many fields, but, to the best of the authors' knowledge, it has not been applied before to perform fault diagnosis of rotating electrical machines in transient regime using the stator current. The simplicity and performance of the proposed approach are assessed by comparison with other types of WTs, and it has been validated with the experimental diagnosis of a 3.15-MW induction motor with broken bars. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through the Programa Nacional de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental under Project DPI2011-23740. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process was Dr. Ruqiang ...

103 107 32 2 ; S ; Purpose This paper aims to present a comparison between three types of manufacturing techniques, namely, screen-printed, inkjet and gravure, using different types of inks, for the implementation of concentric ring electrodes which permit estimation of Laplacian potential on the body surface. Design/methodology/approach Flexible concentric ring electrodes not only present lower skin electrode contact impedance and lower baseline wander than rigid electrodes but are also less sensitive to interference and motion artefacts. The above three techniques allow printing of conductive inks on flexible substrates, and with this work, the authors aim to study which is the best technique and ink to obtain the best electrode response. Findings From the results obtained regarding ink thickness, resistivity, electrode resistance and other performance parameters derived from electrocardiographic signal recording tests, it can be said that concentric electrodes using the screen-printing and inkjet techniques are suitable for non-invasive bioelectric signal acquisition. Originality/value The development of new types of inks and substrates for the electronics industry and the adaptation of new manufacturing techniques allow for an improvement in the development of electrodes and sensors. This work was financially supported by the Spanish Government and European FEDER funds (MAT2012-38429-C04-04). García Breijo, E.; Prats Boluda, G.; Lidon-Roger, JV.; Ye Lin, Y.; Garcia Casado, FJ. (2015). A comparative analysis of printing techniques by using an active concentric ring electrode for bioelectrical recording. Microelectronics International. 32(2):103-107. doi:10.1108/MI-03-2015-0021 Besio, W., Aakula, R., Koka, K., & Dai, W. (2006). Development of a Tri-polar Concentric Ring Electrode for Acquiring Accurate Laplacian Body Surface Potentials. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34(3), 426-435. doi:10.1007/s10439-005-9054-8 Besio, W., & Chen, T. (2007). Tripolar Laplacian electrocardiogram and moment of ...

In previous editions of the International Relations Yearbook, we have addressed the issue of Western Sahara (the last colony in Africa) from its historical, legal and political aspects, noting both the struggle of the Sahrawi people to regain their territory and the actions taken in this regard by the Sahrawi government itself and by other actors and entities within the framework of the United Nations, the European Union and the African Union. Although there is significant and varied literature on the subject in general, the aspect of the relationship between Latin America and the Caribbean and the struggle of the Sahrawi people has been poorly addressed, all the more so given that it is the only Africa-African-Spanish-speaking people, the latter being able, as a matter of priority, to establish links between the two parties. We will therefore present here a small sample of further research involving extensive fieldwork by addressing the issue from the perspective of the Sahrawi own — residents both in the occupied territories and in the refugee camps in Tindouf (Algeria) and other parts of the community in the diaspora. Department of Africa. Institute for International Relations (IRI) ; En números anteriores del Anuario Relaciones Internacionales hemos abordado la cuestión del Sáhara Occidental (última colonia en África) desde sus aspectos históricos, jurídicos y políticos, dando cuenta tanto de la lucha del pueblo saharaui por recuperar su territorio como de las acciones llevadas a cabo en ese sentido por el propio gobierno saharaui y por otros actores y sujetos en el marco de las Naciones Unidas, la Unión Europea y la Unión Africana. Si bien sobre el tema en general existe importante y variada bibliografía, el aspecto relativo a la relación entre América Latina y Caribeña y la lucha del pueblo saharaui ha sido poco abordado, más aun teniendo en cuenta que se trata del único pueblo árabe-africano hispanohablante, condición esta última que permitiría -a priori- establecer lazos entre ambas partes. Por ello, ...

Միջազգային պահուստները արժութային քաղաքականության կարևոր գործիք են: Դրանք անհրաժեշտ են նաև արտաքին պարտքի սպասարկման գծով վճարումների կատարման, ինչպես նաև ներմուծման նպատակով արտարժութային միջոցների նկատմամբ պահանջարկի բավարարման համար: ՀՀ-ում միջազգային պահուստների համալրման հիմնական աղբյուր են Կառավարության և Կենտրոնական բանկի՝ արտարժույթով արտաքին կամ ներքին փոխառություններն ու դրամաշնորհները, ֆինանսական կազմակերպությունների` ԿԲ-ում արտարժույթով հաշիվների մնացորդների աճը, արտարժույթի առքը, Կառավարության կողմից գույքի ապապետականացման արդյունքում արտարժութային միջոցների ներհոսքն ու պահուստների ներդրումից ստացված եկամուտը: ; International audience International reserves are a major tool for the realization of currency policy. Their presence is also necessary for the realization of payments in the service sphere of the external debt which are simultaneously displayed as means of meeting the demand regarding currency necessary for import. The basic sources of updating the international reserves in the RA are grants, external and internal loans of the RA Government and the RA Central Bank in a foreign currency, growth of balance of foreign accounts in the RA Central Bank, currency buying up, inflow of currency means as a result of privatization of property from the RA Government and the profit received from investment reserves.

Fast fünf Jahre nach Beginn des sogenannten Arabischen Frühlings ist die arabische Welt erheblich destabilisiert. Innere und regionale Konflikte stellen das Staatensystem und die Integrität einzelner Nationalstaaten in Frage. In keinem arabischen Land konnte ein breiter Konsens über eine neue Ordnung hergestellt werden. In vier Ländern - Ägypten, Jemen, Libyen und Tunesien - wurden 2011 Transformationsprozesse eingeleitet, die anhand eigens ausgearbeiteter Fahrpläne eine neue politische Ordnung schaffen sollten. Die bisherigen Resultate enttäuschen indes. Tunesien ist das einzige Land, in dem der Transformationsprozess gemäß Übergangsfahrplan nominell erfolgreich zum Abschluss geführt wurde. Der fragile Kompromiss zwischen den beiden stärksten politischen Kräften des Landes -der säkularen Sammlungspartei Nidaa Tounes und der moderat islamistischen Ennahda- bietet jedoch weder Raum für effektive Partizipation, noch verspricht er substantielle Reformen. Fragen von Verteilungsgerechtigkeit, die im Zentrum der Proteste von 2011 gestanden hatten, bleiben hier wie auch in anderen Ländern weiterhin der politischen Diskussion entzogen. Deutschland und seine Partner in der EU können sich nicht von der Nachbarregion abschotten. Sie müssen daher nach Wegen suchen, dort wirkungsvoller als bislang zu einer nachhaltigen Stabilisierung beizutragen. Dies kann nur gelingen, wenn europäische Politik der Tatsache Rechnung trägt, dass Sicherheit, Gewährleistung von Menschenrechten, inklusive politische und soziale Ordnungen sowie Entwicklung unauflöslich miteinander verknüpft sind. Deutschland und seine Partner in der EU sollten daher auf Stabilisierung durch Transformation, nicht durch die Stärkung von Repressionsapparaten setzen. (Autorenreferat)

Einstellungen zur EU-Wettbewerbspolitik.

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu nationalem Bewusstsein und nationaler Identität.

Seit den frühen 1970er Jahren beobachten die Standard & Spezial Eurobarometer der Europäischen Kommission regelmäßig die öffentliche Meinung in den Mitgliedsländern der Europäischen Union. Primärforscher sind die Generaldirektion Kommunikation und bei Spezialthemen weitere Direktionen sowie das Europäische Parlament. Im Laufe der Zeit wurden Kandidaten- und Beitrittsländer in die Standard Eurobarometer-Reihe aufgenommen. Ausgewählte Fragen oder Module können in einigen Samples nicht erhoben worden sein. Bitte ziehen Sie für weitere Informationen bezüglich Länderfilter oder anderer Filterführungen den Basisfragebogen heran. In dieser Studie sind folgende Module vorhanden: 1. Parlemeter, 2. Zukunft der EU, 3. Verbraucherverhalten in der EU.