Search results

"Der Beitrag beabsichtigt, die politische Dimension von CSR zu beleuchten, indem der Wandel der Position der Europäischen Kommission hinsichtlich CSR zwischen 2001 und 2006 als Ergebnis politischer Prozesse innerhalb einer 'issue arena' analysiert und interpretiert wird. Dabei wird auf schriftliche Dokumente der wichtigsten Akteure (EU-Kommission, EU-Parlament, EU-Rat, Interessensverbände der Wirtschaft und zivilgesellschaftliche CSR-Plattformen) sowie auf Interviews mit hochrangigen VertreterInnen dieser Institutionen (durchgeführt im Frühling 2008) zurückgegriffen." (Autorenreferat)

Economic democracy is the idea that the norms of equality and participation that classical liberalism confines to a narrowly defined sphere of government should apply to the sphere of economic life. Economic democracy thus entails a challenge to the classical liberal notion of property. In classical liberalism, property defines a realm of private enjoyment. No particular property right is a prerogative of, or a prerequisite to, citizenship, and the exercise of property rights by those who have them is not assessed in political terms. One alternative to classical liberalism responsive to the ideal of economic democracy is classical socialism. Classical socialism opposes to the liberal notion of private property the notion of state property – property controlled by the officials of a democratically constituted state. Another alternative to classical liberalism inspired in part by the ideal of economic democracy is social democracy or welfare-regulatory liberalism. Social democracy retains the classical liberal notion of private property rights, but it both qualifies them by regulatory restrictions on their exercise and supplements them with welfare rights to minimal subsistence funded and administered through a tax-transfer system. This essay is about aspects of a further alternative to classical liberalism inspired by the ideal of economic democracy. This alternative can be found in converging elements of the traditions of republicanism and market socialism. Like social democracy, the alternative rejects both state property and the unrestricted accumulation and exercise of private property rights. However, to a greater extent than social democracy, it pursues its concerns by encouraging a politically desirable primary organization of economic activity and distribution of income and wealth.

Consideration of the establishment of commission for industrial development: The major economic question considered by the 29th session was that of the establishment of a commission for industrial development to advise the Council in matters related to the acceleration by less industrialized countries of their industrial development. The Council had before it the following items: 1) a note by the Secretariat containing (a) background information on the action taken by the General Assembly with regard to this proposal, (b) a summary of the organizational aspects of other subordinate organs of Council, and (c) observations on past experience with the UN program of work in industrialization; and 2) a draft resolution, submitted by Brazil, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, and United States, establishing a standing committee for industrial development.

Written by key figures in the field of social care training and management this much-needed book provides practice guidance for front line managers in social care. Refocusing attention on the management of practice and accountability within services and to service users, the authors provide a variety of perspectives on how front line managers can support practice. Highlighting important aspects of management, such as promoting knowledge-based practice and continuous professional development through lifelong learning, they discuss major issues such as: setting and monitoring new standards and f

The purpose of this article is an attempt to systematize and open from the accumulated knowledge of some reflections on Chilean youth and the social confidence. This article focuses on the subjects of generalized confidence and the confidence in institutions, two fundamental aspects of the democratic construction of a country, since they constitute significant data on social cohesion. The data on confidence shows that youth are non-different from the general tendency of the Chilean population. Youth, are not located in an extreme position of total distrust with strangers, but of a clear defensive conduct. In addition, it is clear that a very low confidence in the tie institutions to political and judicial instances is stable through time, but one trusts the educational institutions. In this frame of distrust, a youth is appraised, that journeys from a systemic critic towards a validation of the beginning, which entails a social cohesion no longer constructed on the homogeneity, but on the base on which anybody is discriminated and where the individual effort does not discard the public support, but the opposite, it demands a compensation to the individual work. ; La finalidad de este artículo es un intento de sistematizar y abrir desde el conocimiento acumulado algunas reflexiones sobre la juventud chilena y la confianza social. Este trabajo se concentra en los temas de la confianza generalizada y la confianza en las instituciones, dos aspectos fundamentales de la construcción democrática de un país, dado que constituyen datos significativos sobre la cohesión social. Los datos sobre confianza muestran una juventud no diferente a la tendencia general de la población chilena. Los jóvenes no se ubican en una posición extrema de total desconfianza con el otro desconocido, pero sí de clara conducta a la defensiva. Es claro, además, que es estable a través del tiempo una bajísima confianza en las instituciones vinculadas a instancias políticas y judiciales, pero se confía en las instituciones educacionales. En este ...

Chapter 1. Producing pathways to success: new perspectives on social mobility -- Chapter 2. Data, Methods and Comparisons -- Chapter 3 -- Setting the stage: being successful and negotiating new (mainstream) identities -- Chapter 4. Becoming successful in the business and law sectors: institutional structures and individual resources -- Chapter 5. Teachers of immigrant origin: contextual factors and resource mobilisation in professional life -- Chapter 6. Becoming elite in an egalitarian context: pathways to law and medicine among Norway's second generation -- Chapter 7. New Social Mobility: pioneers and their potentials for change.

Abstract: The EU Social Progress Index is a measure of societal development and quality of life at the regional level. Practically it measures social progress in European regions, at the NUTS2 level, excluding economic aspects, but equally using twelve components described by a total number of fifty-five comparable social and environmental indicators. Even though the global index has increased by 4.63 points since 2011, reaching 65.05 in 2021, the advances are not distributed across all components analyzed. According to data there are a lot of disparities that vary greatly not only across regions but across different aspects of social progress. While the Nordic countries performed quite well, the Southeastern countries lagged behind. Even if in 2020, Romania's GDP per capita increased to 72% of the European Union (EU) average, Romania ranks last among the Member States of the European Union concerning quality of life and social welfare (ranks 44th out of 168 countries). Behind the one's countries like Hungary and Bulgaria. Keyword: Advanced Education, Basic Knowledge, Environmental Quality, EU Social Progress Index, GDP per capita, Health and Wellness, ICT Access, Nutrition and Care, Personal Freedom and Choice, Personal Rights, Personal Security, Shelter, Tolerance Inclusion, Water and Sanitation JEL Classification: A14, Z13

Big Data permeates all aspects of modern life, and while there is no shortage of potential benefits resulting from this, author Henrik Skaug Sµtra argues that we must also understand the threats Big Data poses to liberty. The issues discussed in Big Data's Threat to Liberty: Surveillance, Nudging, and the Curation of Information are related to how we are constantly under surveillance. Data is gathered from our homes, our cars, our smartphones, various devices around the house, and public sources such as facial recognition enabled camera surveillance and various websites and social networks. Furthermore, the information gathered is used to influence our actions. Detailed personality profiles are utilized in order to make us purchase products and services, or pay our taxes, through tailor-made nudges aimed at irrational and subconscious mechanisms, and delivered with a level of precision only possible with Big Data-driven algorithmic curation of data. Finally, the information we receive through various media is curated by algorithms, and even people are curated in order to satisfy our desires. By providing us with what the algorithm believes we want, we are spared from the exposure of unpleasant information, and even unpleasant people. The ideological landscapes we traverse are thus characterized by conformity, and a concomitant tyranny of popular opinion becomes ever more coercive as this occurs. The question is: How does being constantly watched, manipulated, and having our world-views shaped as just described affect our freedom? In this book it is argued that Big Data's threat to individual liberty is routinely misunderstood and underappreciated due to (a) vagueness resulting from the concept of liberty being used without it being defined, or (b) the use of definitions based on flawed understandings of what liberty is. In this new and unique contribution to the ethics of Big Data and artificial intelligence, both these challenges are thoroughly addressed.

The 500th anniversary of Thomas More's Utopia has directed attention toward the importance of utopianism. Utopian Horizons investigates the possibilities of cooperation between the humanities and the social sciences in the analysis of 20th century and contemporary utopian phenomena. The papers deal with major problems of interpreting utopias, the relationship of utopia and ideology, and the highly problematic issue as to whether utopia necessarily leads to dystopia. Besides reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary utopian investigations, the papers effectively represent the cons.

As current action remains insufficient to meet the goals of the Paris agreement let alone to stabilize the climate, there is increasing hope that solutions related to demand, services and social aspects of climate change mitigation can close the gap. However, given these topics are not investigated by a single epistemic community, the literature base underpinning the associated research continues to be undefined. Here, we aim to delineate a plausible body of literature capturing a comprehensive spectrum of demand, services and social aspects of climate change mitigation. As method we use a novel double-stacked expert—machine learning research architecture and expert evaluation to develop a typology and map key messages relevant for climate change mitigation within this body of literature. First, relying on the official key words provided to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change by governments (across 17 queries), and on specific investigations of domain experts (27 queries), we identify 121 165 non-unique and 99 065 unique academic publications covering issues relevant for demand-side mitigation. Second, we identify a literature typology with four key clusters: policy, housing, mobility, and food/consumption. Third, we systematically extract key content-based insights finding that the housing literature emphasizes social and collective action, whereas the food/consumption literatures highlight behavioral change, but insights also demonstrate the dynamic relationship between behavioral change and social norms. All clusters point to the possibility of improved public health as a result of demand-side solutions. The centrality of the policy cluster suggests that political actions are what bring the different specific approaches together. Fourth, by mapping the underlying epistemic communities we find that researchers are already highly interconnected, glued together by common interests in sustainability and energy demand. We conclude by outlining avenues for interdisciplinary collaboration, synthetic analysis, community building, and by suggesting next steps for evaluating this body of literature.