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"Trade is measured on a gross sales basis while GDP is measured on a net sales basis, i.e. value added. The rapid internationalisation of production in the last two decades has meant that gross trade flows are increasingly unrepresentative of the value added flows. This fact has important implications for the estimation of the gravity equation. We present empirical evidence that the standard gravity equation model performs poorly by some measures when it is applied to bilateral flows where parts and components trade is important. It also provides a simple theoretical foundation for a modified gravity equation that is suited to explaining trade where international supply chains are important. Future drafts shall explore ways the model can be implemented empirically"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Lucky -- Peter Pan -- Americano -- Kitty -- Citizen -- Chairman -- Secretary -- Candidate -- Senator -- Retreat -- Conclusion

"Statistical methodology itself has made some significant developments in areas that are highly relevant to the problems faced by environmentalists; thus this book fills a gap in the market in which there is currently a lot of interest. Split into two parts, part 1 - Theory and methods - introduces the basis for and scope of the book, and covers amongst others the chief topics of exploratory analysis, non-parametric estimation and testing, and parametric modeling. Part 2 - Case Studies - introduces a number of co-authors, specialists in their own areas of environmental science, to illustrate the application of the theory and methods in practice. The accompanying website develops the practical aspects raised in the book, and provides a useful complementary tool."--Provided by publisher

"This book explores and promotes a deep conceptual and empirical understanding of the roles of electronic games and computer-mediated simulations across multiple disciplines, building a significant bridge between research and practice on electronic gaming and simulations"--Provided by publisher

"Fragmentation of stages of the production process is determined by international cost differences and by the benefits of co-location of related stages. The interaction between these forces depends on the technological relationships between these stages. This paper looks at both cost minimising and equilibrium offshoring under different technological configurations. Reductions in trade costs beyond a threshold can result in discontinuous changes in location, with relocation of a wide range of production stages. There can be overshooting (off-shoring that is reversed as costs fall further) and equilibrium may involve less off-shoring than is efficient"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

"Unilateral tariff liberalisation by developing nations is pervasive but our understanding of it is shallow. This paper strives to partly redress this lacuna on the theory side by introducing three novel political economy mechanisms with particular emphasis is on the role of production unbundling. One mechanism studies how lowering frictional barriers to imported parts can destroy the correlation of interests between parts producers and their downstream customers. A second mechanism studies how Kojima's pro-trade FDI raises the political economy cost of maintaining high upstream barriers. The third works via a general equilibrium channel whereby developing country's participation in the supply chains of advanced-nation industries undermines their own competitiveness in final goods, thus making final good protection more politically costly. In essence, developing nations' pursuit of the export-processing industrialisation undermines their infant-industry industrialisation strategies"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

It is no longer acceptable for engineers to make spending decisions simply because they make good engineering sense - they must justify these decisions with good business sense. This book covers basic business topics from the perspective of utility engineers, including regulation, ratemaking, accounting, finance, economics, budgeting, strategy, and asset management. The text discusses the idiosyncrasies of utilities, using mathematics and analytical geometry to demonstrate business concepts. This author provides a solid foundation of business theory, describes how to properly apply this theory

It is no longer acceptable for utility engineers to make spending decisions solely because they make good engineering sense. In today's environment, they must also demonstrate solid business acumen and show that recommendations make good business sense. With this goal in mind, Business Essentials for Utility Engineers systematically presents each business topic to arm engineers with the tools and vocabulary necessary to be more effective when interacting with senior management, and for promotion to senior management. This book covers all business concepts important to.