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The study explores the causes and consequences of Kashmir conflict which has always been an impediment in the development of both India and Pakistan. It begins with a brief discussion on the cause of the issue and its international recognition. The paper then explains Article 370 and its implications to India and Pakistan. Then the author discusses in detail the cases of displacement of Kashmiri Pundits and the human rights violations in the conflicted area. The respective perspectives of India and Pakistan on the issue are also discussed and the author critically analyses possible solutions to the issue, proposed by the United Nations and other international authorities. The author then concludes the study by throwing light on the significance of the UN intervention in the permanent solution of the issue. The author then concludes the study by proposing demilitarization of the disputed area on both sides of border, followed by unification of the whole region and then conducting a UN supervised-area wise plebiscite of the whole territory, as the most acceptable and realistic solution to the decades old conflict.

The objective of this research paper is to propose a robust framework for understanding the correlation between organizational learning, innovation, and the performance of Saudi Arabian firms, encompassing both financial and non-financial aspects. Additionally, the study evaluates how factors such as "firm type" and "firm size" influence organizational learning, innovation, and overall firm performance. For this study, we distributed a questionnaire to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia's private firm employees for a year. Analysis involved 815 complete sets, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to explore relationships among latent variables via path analysis. Organization learning significantly enhances both financial and non-financial performance. Additionally, innovation positively influences firm performance. The combined impact of organizational learning and innovation strongly influences overall firm performance. Introducing the mediating variable "type of firm" enhances the relationship between organizational learning, innovation, and firm performance, as depicted in Model 2. The result of path analysis shows that "firm size" as moderating variable is significantly negatively related with innovation and firm performance. This study contributes by exploring the interplay of organizational learning, innovation, and their impact on firm performance, particularly within the emerging Saudi context, enhancing existing knowledge.

Purpose: This research project examines the directional relationship between democracy and sustainable development. Panel studies over 31 cross countries from 1990 to 2016 finds that improvements in sustainable development predict increase in democracy. Democracy has been measured by the subjective indicators such as civil liberties and political rights. The data has been collected from world development indicator and world governmental indicator. Unit root test has been performed to check for stationarity. Two stage least square methods have been used to explain the dependency of each variable. This study explains that tendency for rise in democracy urbanization tends to fall. The propensity for democracy rises with development, a smaller gap between female and male primary and secondary education accomplishment. The results suggest that gross domestic product have negative impact on democracy. It also attempts the effect of political stability and democracy on sustainable development.

China's tremendous rise will certainly be one of the major turbulent of the current century. Chinese leadership has already astonished the world with its economic development and active diplomacy. It is apparent that there will be a greater increase in Chinese power, influence, and involvement in regional and global affairs in future decades. We cannot envisage the exact nature of Chinese objectives and intentions in near future, however, we can proclaim that Chinese aims will be more spacious than they now are. Some observers view this increasing Chinese enthusiasm in regional affairs as a step towards regional hegemony, while others regard it as promotion of mutual understandings and economic interdependence. Some regional states are viewing Chinese policies with cautions and concerns have been raised in international community. To discuss and elaborate all these aspects of Chinese foreign policy behavior; the major paradigms like realism, liberalism, and constructivism will be explored respectively.

The energy policy of a country dictates its ability to better manage and deal with an energy crisis. A sustainable energy policy deals with not only energy production but also with energy consumption. In the past, the government of Pakistan has lacked such an approach. This study aims to develop a policy-making framework to improve the energy management of Pakistan through a probabilistic approach. Stochastic analysis is performed in this study and the uncertainty in energy data is used to propose a holistic energy policy. Energy-utilization data from 17 different sources are used to compare the accuracy of energy-consumption data from 1989 to 2013. The analysis reveals that there exists an uncertainty in energy-consumption data and the major cause of this uncertainty is energy theft. The analysis shows that the industry has the highest uncertainty in its energy-data utilization, followed by the transport and the domestic sectors of Pakistan. Based on stochastic analysis, seven recommended energy-policy guidelines are presented to manage the energy crisis in the country. The analysis proposes that Pakistan needs to take measures to control energy theft.