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The problem identified in all Europe and other countries is the following: 21th century expectations from society have enlarged the university goals, and in order to reach these goals, university needs new governance processes both at institutional and state level. Along with traditional university goals of providing higher education studies and research, there is an increase of university participation in social activities, as well as global competitiveness. Businesses insist that studies are resulted in higher education compliance with labour market, and research results' transfer to investments of national economy. The institutional governance issues are becoming more complicated and the relationship between good governance and university effectiveness becomes central. Institutional governance changes are expected also in Latvian state universities. New governance processes, management trends and approaches are necessary to ensure implementation of university goals in nowadays rapid changing environment of globalization and competitiveness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.4.3034

This proceeding is one of the activities of the research project titled: 'RuralUrban Transformation (RUT): Governance, Mobility and Economic Dynamics of merging Urban Centers for Poverty Reduction.' RUT was designed to primarily contribute to Tanzania as well as DANIDA's 1st priority to reduce poverty. The policy workshop is one of a series of workshops that have been organized by RUT research project for different objectives and participants. The policy workshop was designed for individuals in high-level decision-making position in the Government Ministries, Local Government Authorities (LGAs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), and private sector. RUT is one of the collaborative research projects between Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and the University of Copenhagen (in Denmark). Funded by DANIDA and administratively supported by Danish Fellowship Centre (DFC) through the South-Driven Development Research Program in Tanzania for the period from January 2015 to December 2017. However, the research project was granted no cost extension to allow completion of PhD sponsored students and in 2019 further no cost extension was granted to allow for implementation of activities that were re-scheduled due to COVID-19 pandemic. Capacity building in the form of postgraduate training at SUA and Copenhagen University was one of the projects' components. The objective of the policy workshop is to present and discuss contributions from RUT research project to government efforts on governance and planning challenges in relation to rural-urban transformation (both structural and spatial changes) taking place in Tanzania. The workshop through presentations and discussions, provide an overview of existing opportunities and challenges in governance frameworks and practices, and deliberate on ways by which policies on rural-urban transformation can be influenced to enhance poverty reduction.

This is a study of the different architectures of decentralization using empirical evidence from the forestry and water sector of Uttarakhand. It examines the political economy of how institutional designs for environmental governance are created and the important role of politics in shaping institutions and their outcomes

""Transforming Futures: Navigating Society, Environment, and Governance" holds profound relevance amidst ongoing discussions concerning sustainability and environmental preservation. It directly addresses the pressing issues of our time, including: The Transformation Drivers to Foster Environment Conservation and Mitigate Climate Change Drivers for Social Transformation - Understanding and Measurement The Transformation Drivers to Foster Humanity The Essence of Transformation Within and Beyond The Future of Transformation Drive These themes resonate strongly with current dialogues surrounding sustainable living, climate action, and global efforts to combat environmental crises. As a result, the book emerges as a highly pertinent and timely contribution to our contemporary world."

This paper sets out the methodological and conceptual framework for the Indigenous Community Governance (ICG) Project on Understanding, Building and Sustaining Effective Governance in Rural, Remote and Urban Indigenous Communities. The paper describes the Project's research aims, questions, and techniques; explores key concepts; and discusses the ethnographic case-study and comparative approaches which form the core components of the methodological framework. As an applied research project, the paper also considers the methodological issues inherent in participatory research, and for the dissemination and application of research fi ndings within Indigenous and policy arenas. The framework draws on the multi-disciplinary expertise of the project team in areas such as anthropology, political science, demography, policy and legal studies, linguistics, and community development.

Based on China's inter-provincial panel data from 1999–2009, this paper has tested the impact and extent of marketization, government governance, and legal environment of sustainable economic development by controlling physical capital, human capital and productivity, so as to find the institutional reality for the difference in China's economic development and another explanation for it. It turns out that marketization, government governance, and legal environment play significant roles in promoting sustainable economic development. Further tests show that the results of Eastern China are consistent with China's inter-provincial results ; while in Western China, the promotion effect of marketization, government governance, and legal environment on sustainable economic development is not significant.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze how institutional governance and business environment affect countries' competitiveness and their relative importance.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors analyze how institutional governance and business environment affect countries' competitiveness, their relative importance and what are the implications for Brazil. The authors have collected data from 131 countries related to the institutional governance, business environment and competitiveness of these countries. For the analysis of the mentioned influences, the technique of partial least squares structural equations modeling is used.Findings – Results indicate that the main role in countries' competitiveness is played by the quality of institutional governance. The quality of the business environment reinforces the positive effect of the quality of institutional governance on countries' competitiveness (mediation effect). Brazil has poor governance quality indicators when compared to high-middle income countries, especially regarding government effectiveness, political stability and control of corruption.Research limitations/implications – The study provides a better understanding of the relative importance of governance quality and business environment quality for countries' competitiveness. One limitation of this study is that the research was restricted to data related to the year 2019.Practical implications – For strategists and decision-makers, understanding these effects on countries' competitiveness and their relative importance is fundamental to understanding what makes their companies internationally competitive.Social implications – The presence and appreciation of institutional governance quality need to be cultivated in society.Originality/value – Instead of using the original diamond model, which presents circular relationships, the authors have used the business environment construct, composed of elements of the diamond model to test the relationships between the quality of institutional governance, competitiveness and the business environment.

This work focuses on urban governance in the developing world, its aim being to bring a holistic perspective to the debate on urban governance in Asia and around the globe. It has been divided into three sections: The first section is on rural interventions as they influence urbanization and its problems/solutions. The second focuses on urban governance, infrastructure programs, service delivery reforms and their evaluation. The third and final section focuses on urbanization and the environment.In the first section, we present evaluations of India's rural programs including the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), and of India's Total Sanitation Campaign. This section covers the transition from rural to urban areas, and highlights coping mechanisms in urban areas and policy implications for urban governance, from the viewpoint of rural migrants.The section on urban governance, infrastructure and service delivery is the most in-depth and consists of papers that present state-of-the-art research on many aspects of infrastructure such as cost and time overruns, risks and their mitigation, assessments of the metro rail, and services such as solid waste management.The focus of the final section is on urbanization and the environment. Here we examine land use change in India, the relationship between urban form and residential energy use in Bandung, Indonesia, and end by depicting a cautiously optimistic view of Asia's urbanization-environment nexus.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze how institutional governance and business environment affect countries' competitiveness and their relative importance. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors analyze how institutional governance and business environment affect countries' competitiveness, their relative importance and what are the implications for Brazil. The authors have collected data from 131 countries related to the institutional governance, business environment and competitiveness of these countries. For the analysis of the mentioned influences, the technique of partial least squares structural equations modeling is used. Findings Results indicate that the main role in countries' competitiveness is played by the quality of institutional governance. The quality of the business environment reinforces the positive effect of the quality of institutional governance on countries' competitiveness (mediation effect). Brazil has poor governance quality indicators when compared to high-middle income countries, especially regarding government effectiveness, political stability and control of corruption. Research limitations/implications The study provides a better understanding of the relative importance of governance quality and business environment quality for countries' competitiveness. One limitation of this study is that the research was restricted to data related to the year 2019. Practical implications For strategists and decision-makers, understanding these effects on countries' competitiveness and their relative importance is fundamental to understanding what makes their companies internationally competitive. Social implications The presence and appreciation of institutional governance quality need to be cultivated in society. Originality/value Instead of using the original diamond model, which presents circular relationships, the authors have used the business environment construct, composed of elements of the diamond model to test the relationships between the quality ...

This study consists of two separate sections; both sections can be read individually but share a common theme in Corporate Governance (CG). In the first section, a unique approach is presented to test whether the manner through which corporate governance structure influence stock market liquidity depends on countries' legal systems, using data from 10 emerging countries. Additionally, this study also examine whether legal institutions (i.e., judicial efficiency and political stability) enhances the level of investors participation and hence stock market liquidity. The second section seeks to explore the value relevance of firm level CG practices and legal origin. We employ governance rating consists of three categories. CG data and financial data covers the period 2003-2014. The final sample comprises of 644 firms from 10 countries. Ordinary Least Squares and System Generalized Method of Movement are employed to carry out the empirical analysis. The findings from the first section favor the hypothesis that firm-level governance structure and country's legal origin complements each other. We find evidence that as compared to common law countries, costs of liquidity are larger for companies in countries with civil law origin. This result implies that countries with common law origin have lower illiquidity, implying higher stock market liquidity. Nevertheless, the findings also indicate that although higher firm-level governance structure enhances liquidity of the stock market, this result for countries with civil law origin is weaker. Yet, the findings reveal that stock market liquidity is much higher in countries with higher political stability and judicial efficiency. The results from second section reveal that CG plays a positive and significant role in market valuation. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that CG is more important in enhancing firm value in countries with common origin as compared to the countries with civil origin. This study uses a broad CG measure to study its relation with stock market liquidity and market valuation, which has not been studied before, specifically in emerging markets. The findings of this study have important implications for managers, investors, and regulators, and may add significant contributions to the accounting and finance literature.

Contributed articles; emanating from a research project of Centre for International Governance Innovation

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether there are extant mechanisms that are utilized to meet the challenges of diverse corporate governance needs in modern global society. We adopt the nonlinear lens utilized in complex adaptive systems. The examination is advanced using three examples drawn from published academic research. The three examples selected allow consideration of differing levels of analysis, regions and entity types. Levels of analysis include societal, institutional and firm. Regions include Asia Pacific, United States and international. The governance types are governmental, charitable and corporate. Distinct world views are represented by considering the holistic worldview of the indigenous Maori as well as an emerging CSR agenda for an international corporation. Diverse objectives are exemplified by the inclusion of required not-for-profit reporting.

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With Agenda 2030, the UN adopted wide-ranging Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that integrate development and environmental agendas. This book focuses on the political tensions between the environmental objectives and socio-economic aspects of sustainable development.
The collection provides an introduction to interlinkages, synergies and trade-offs between the 'green' and other goals, such as gender equality and economic growth. It also considers related goals on cities and partnerships as crucial for implementing environmentally sound sustainability. Identifying governance failures and responsibilities, it advocates for a shift towards cooperative economics and politics for the common good.