Le rôle de l'ONU dans la médiation des conflits
The Role of The UN in Conflict Mediation The UN, through its General Secretary and the Security Council in particular, have a long experience of conflict mediation. The growth of peace-keeping operations obviously supported this trend. We should however raise some paradoxes: Since the 1993 "peak" (year when the number of "blue helmets" reaches a historical maximum), more and more operations are conducted by regional organizations (NATO, EU, AU), which engage, to different degrees, in mediation; The UN reinforces and seeks to reinforce its capacities (creation of the UN Peacebuilding Commission, flanked of a Support Office, which programs are funded by a Fund), but many mediations are carried out by personalities mandated and financed by States. The conflict of Cyprus is one of the rare ones where, besides the mission of interposition, the UN carried out quasi alone the mission of mediation, and this since 1964. In spite of successive failures (for example "the Set of Ideas" en1994 and the "Annan Plan" in 2004), the UN remains the most credible mediator. Which lessons the UN has learned and could learned from its Cypriot experience? Did it apply to Cyprus methods and lessons learned from other conflicts? Which use could it make in its other attempts of mediation? ; L'ONU, à travers son Secrétariat général et le Conseil de sécurité notamment, a une longue expérience de la médiation dans les conflits. La croissance des opérations de maintien de la paix a évidemment favorisé ce mouvement. Il nous faut cependant relever quelques paradoxes : depuis le « pic » de 1993 (année où le nombre de « casques bleus » atteint un maximum historique), de plus en plus d'opérations son conduites par des organisations régionales (OTAN, UE, UA), lesquelles s'engagent alors, à des degrés divers, dans la médiation ; l'ONU renforce et cherche à renforcer ses capacités (création de la Commission pour la consolidation de la paix, flanqué d'un Bureau d'appui, dont les programmes sont financés par un Fonds), mais de nombreuses médiations ...