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Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Names and Dates -- Introduction -- 1 Programme of Rabochee Delo -- 2 Review of Lenin's Tasks of the Social Democrats, Rabochee Delo No. 1 -- 3 Announcement in Rabochee Delo No. 5 -- 4 Plekhanov's Vademecum for the Editorial Board of Rabochee Delo and Editorial Comments on the Protest of the 17 in Rabochee Delo No. 4 -- 5 Documents of the April 1900 RSDLP Congress Attempt -- 6 Boris Krichevskii, 'Economics and Politics in the Russian Workers' Movement', Rabochee Delo No. 7 -- 7 'A Historic Turn', Listok Rabochego Dela No. 6 -- 8 Resolution of an Émigré RSDLP Conference, June 1901, Geneva -- 9 Boris Krichevskii, 'Principles, Tactics and Struggle', Rabochee Delo No. 10 -- 10 Alexander Martynov, 'Exposure Literature and Proletarian Struggle', Rabochee Delo No. 10 -- 11 Constitution of the 'Russian Iskra Organisation' -- 12 Letters from Iulii Martov to the London Section of the Editorial Board of Iskra -- 13 Report of the Fourth Congress of the Bund -- 14 Articles from Poslednie Izvestiia -- 15 Letter of Ekaterina Alexandrova to Lenin,Krupskaya and Martov -- 16 Pavlovich, Letter to Comrades about the Second RSDLP Congress -- 17 Resolution of the Second RSDLP Congress 'Minority' -- 18 Iulii Martov, The Struggle with the 'State of Siege' in the RSDLP -- 19 Georgii Plekhanov, 'What is Not to Be Done', Iskra No. 52 -- 20 Georgii Plekhanov, 'Something on "Economism" and "Economists" ', Iskra No. 53 -- 21 Letter from the Urals and Plekhanov's 'Centralism or Bonapartism', Iskra No. 63 & No. 65 -- 22 Georgii Plekhanov, 'The Working Class and the Social-Democratic Intelligentsia', Iskra No. 70 & No. 71 -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index

В биографическом очерке рассматриваются основные вехи жизненного пути русского интеллигента Николая Павловича Окулова, депутата II Государственной думы Российской империи от города Царицына. Очерк написан на основе ранее неизвестных документов политической полиции Российской империи и советских органов государственной безопасности. Главное внимание уделяется процессу превращения Н.П. Окулова из провинциального учителя, который увлекся революционной пропагандой в среде неимущего городского населения, в политика демократических взглядов и общероссийского масштаба. Как показано в очерке, успехи и неудачи общественной деятельности Н.П. Окулова были предопределены социальной и политической ситуацией в России в начале XX в. Впервые раскрываются обстоятельства возникновения «дела» по обвинению Н.П. Окулова в «антисоветской агитации», описываются ход следствия и суда в 1938 г. ; This biographical study traces the key stages in the life of Nikolai Pavlovich Okulov who belonged to the Russian intelligentsia and was deputy of the Second State Duma for the town of Tsarizyn. In writing this profile the author resorted to previously unknown documents from the political police of the Russian Empire and the archives of the former Soviet state security. The emphasis is made on N.P. Okulov's transformation from a provincial teacher who would propagate revolutionary ideas among the city's poorest population into a politician of national scale with broad democratic views. The author underlines that both his success and failures in his public career were predetermined by the social and political situation in Russia at the beginning of the XX century. The circumstances of filing a case against N.P. Okulov on the charge of "antiSoviet propaganda" and the course of investigation and trial in 1938 are being disclosed and presented for the first time.

The problem of production, export, import, and consumption of food was always topical for the long history of Georgia. At all stages of the society development, people need to take food and meet other of their elementary needs. Issues of food supply assurance of the Georgian population differ according to time periods. For example, in Shota Rustaveli's poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin it is described that the living standard in the 11th–13th centuries was quite high. At that period of time, Georgia was fed with its own grain. Along with wealth, Shota Rustaveli also characterizes poverty. Most of the state's income was spent on the poor people, so there was a large gap between the rich and poor population. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the problem of poverty and wealth of the population was highlighted by prominent public figures: Sulkhan – Saba Orbeliani and Vakhushti Bagrationi. Ilia Chavchavadze describes the problem of poverty in the country by the end of the 19th century. Poor living conditions of the population were noted during the initial phase of Georgia in Soviet Union and during World War II. Better conditions existed at the last stage of socialism.Meeting the population's demand for principal foodstuffs and providing near-rational norms of such foodstuffs has always been a major objective of the governments of all times.The prolonged transformation process of the economy of Georgia with its social characteristics was particularly painful. A sharp decline in the standard of life started from the 1990s. Before the economic collapse, a monthly rated wage in Georgia with its foodstuff purchasing power parity almost equaled that of developed countries.

Recent technological developments have increased the number of variables being monitored in lakes and reservoirs using automatic high frequency monitoring (AHFM). However, design of AHFM systems and posterior data handling and interpretation are currently being developed on a site-by-site and issue-by-issue basis with minimal standardization of protocols or knowledge sharing. As a result, many deployments become short-lived or underutilized, and many new scientific developments that are potentially useful for water management and environmental legislation remain underexplored. This Critical Review bridges scientific uses of AHFM with their applications by providing an overview of the current AHFM capabilities, together with examples of successful applications. We review the use of AHFM for maximizing the provision of ecosystem services supplied by lakes and reservoirs (consumptive and non consumptive uses, food production, and recreation), and for reporting lake status in the EU Water Framework Directive. We also highlight critical issues to enhance the application of AHFM, and suggest the establishment of appropriate networks to facilitate knowledge sharing and technological transfer between potential users. Finally, we give advice on how modern sensor technology can successfully be applied on a larger scale to the management of lakes and reservoirs and maximize the ecosystem services they provide.

Intro -- Contents -- List Of Tables -- List Of Figures -- List Of Plates -- Introduction To Volume 12 -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- What This Book Is About -- A Brief History of Oaxaca Archaeology -- A Surveyor's Guide to Ancient Oaxaca -- How Survey Sets the Agenda -- Evaluating Approaches to Social Evolution -- Monte Alban and the Evolution of Zapotec Civilization -- The Emerging Perspective: Regional Variation but Uniform Processes -- The Organization of This Book -- Chapter 2. The Regional Archaeology of the Sola Valley -- Models for the Oaxaca Macroregion -- Questions Guiding the Sola Valley Survey -- The Sola Valley Study Region -- The 1995-1996 Sola Valley Settlement Pattern Project -- Overview of the Project Results -- Chapter 3. The Sola Valley in the Formative Period -- The Ia Phase (Middle Formative) -- The Ie Phase (Late Formative) -- Period II (Terminal Formative) -- The Zapotec Expansion -- Chapter 4. The Sola Valley in The Classic to Early Postclassic Period -- Period IlIa (Early Classic) -- Period I1Ib-IV (Late Classic-Early Postclassic) -- The Territorial Limits of the Zapotec State -- Chapter 5. The Sola Valley in The Late Postclassic Period -- Period V (Late Postclassic) -- Sola's Historical Kingdoms -- Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusions -- What Sola Tells Us about Monte Alban-What Monte Alban Tells Us about Sola -- Sola Valley Settlement Patterns 500 B.C.- A. D. 1521 -- Answering Questions about the Sola Valley -- How the Regional Trajectories Compare -- How the Macroregion Changes Views about Monte Alban -- Implications of This Study -- Conclusions -- Chapter 7. Carved Stones From The Sola Valley Oaxaca by Joyce Marcus -- Chapter 8. Shell From Sola De Vega by Linda M. Nicholas and Gary M. Feinman -- Chapter 9. Resumen En Espanol -- Appendix A. Site Descriptions And Maps -- Appendix B. Structure Summaries.

When Fracking Comes to Town traces the response of local communities to the shale gas revolution. Rather than cast communities as powerless to respond to oil and gas companies and their landmen, it shows that communities have adapted their local rules and regulations to meet the novel challenges accompanying unconventional gas extraction through fracking. The multidisciplinary perspectives of this volume's essays tie together insights from planners, legal scholars, political scientists, and economists. What emerges is a more nuanced perspective of shale gas development and its impacts on municipalities and residents. Unlike many political debates that cast fracking in black and white terms, this volume's contributors embrace the complexity of local responses to fracking. States adapted legal institutions to meet the new challenges posed by this energy extraction process while under-resourced municipal officials and local planning offices found creative ways to alleviate pressure on local infrastructure and reduce harmful effects of fracking on the environment. The essays in When Fracking Comes to Town tell a story of community resilience with the rise and decline of shale gas production

The aviation industry is in transition. In addition to its cyclic nature, environmental uncertainty has increased since September 11 terrorist attacks; the outbreak of diseases such as SARS have demonstrated the vulnerability of the aviation system. Ongoing deregulation tendencies, the formation of global alliance networks among airlines, the privatization of airports worldwide, and the consolidation of aircraft suppliers are only a few of the changes posing challenges to managers and civil authorities in the industry alike. In this forthcoming volume, the editors aim to provide a comprehensive overview of and insights into strategic challenges and appropriate measures in this dynamic industry. Bringing together experts from aviation praxis and management as well as economics scholars the volume amalgamates academia and praxis on the one hand, and economic and management perspectives on the other in an unprecedented way. The focus of its chapters is intentionally not restricted to passenger airlines but includes a variety of relevant strategic issues for air freight carriers and airport companies as well which have hitherto been neglected in the literature. Conceptual predispositons with regard to the industry, the economic and institutional environment as well as the underlying strategy concept will set the stage and form the first part of the volume. The following sections include contributions on selected issues for the actors in the aviation system combining both, results and concepts from recent academic research as well as applications and case studies from major players in the industry. Confirmed Contributors (Selection): Rob Aaronson (Director General, Airport Council International), Prof. Dr. Thomas Bieger (University of St. Gall, Switzerland), Renato Chiavi (COO DHL Danzas Air & Ocean), Michael Garvens (Managing Director, Airport Cologne/Bonn GmbH), Peter Gronlund (President and CEO, SAS Cargo Group), Kim Flenskov (Managing Director, Lufthansa Consulting GmbH), Dr. Christoph Klingenberg (Program Director Future Cont, Deutsche Lufthansa AG), Dr. Andreas Otto (Member of the Board, Lufthansa Cargo AG), Andrea Pal (Senior Vice President M&A, Fraport AG), Dr. Kathryn Pavlovich (University of Waikato, New Zealand), Dr. Jan Remmert (Simon, Kucher & Partners)

В каждой области науки есть свои выдающиеся ученые. В отечественной фармакологии это ее основоположник Николай Павлович Кравков (1865-1924). В работе описывается жизненный путь и научные достижения профессора Н. П. Кравкова, возглавлявшего кафедру фармакологии Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге. Н. П. Кравков выполнил выдающиеся исследования в области фармакологии газового обмена, лекарственной токсикологии, возрастной и сравнительной фармакологии, клинической фармакологии (открытие внутривенного и комбинированного наркоза). Вершиной достижений Н. П. Кравкова стал цикл исследований на изолированных органах (ухо, сердце, легкие, селезенка, поджелудочная железа, щитовидная железа, надпочечник, матка теплокровных, голова и жабры щуки, пальцы, сердце, селезенка человека). В этих исследованиях было доказано ритмическое колебание тонуса сосудов, сформулирована теория фазового действия лекарственных веществ на ткани, представления о пределах чувствительности живой протоплазмы, возможностях оживления мумифицированных тканей. Н. П. Кравков создал большую научную школу своих последователей (С. В. Аничков, М. И. Граменицкий, Г. Л. Шкавера, М. Н. Николаев, А. И. Кузнецов, Б.С. Сентюрин, В.В. Закусов, В.А. Вальдман). ; In every field of science there are the proper prominent scientists. In Russia, there was Nikolai Pavlovich Kravkov (1865-1924), a founder of the Russian pharmacology. In the paper, the life and scientific achievements of Professor N.P. Kravkov, headed the Department of Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, were described. N. P. Kravkov carried out significant investigations in pharmacology of gas metabolism, drug toxicology, aged and evolutionary pharmacology, clinical pharmacology (discovery of intravenous and combined narcosis). The main achievement of N. P. Kravkov became the cycle of investigations on isolated organs (ear, heart, lung, spleen, pancreatic gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, uterus of the mammalians, head and gills of pike, human fingers, heart and spleen). In these investigations, the rhythmic oscillation of the vascular tonus was proved, the theory of phasic action of pharmacological drugs on tissues, presentations on sensitiveness limits of living protoplasma, possibilities of animation of mummified tissues were postulated. N. P. Kravkov created a large scientific school (S. V. Anichkov, M. I. Gramenitskii, G. L. Shkavera, M. N. Nikolaev, A. I. Kuznetsov, B. S. Sentyurin, V. V. Zakusov, V. A. Valdman).

"Liberal theologians believe in the necessity of a revision of Christian doctrine, trusting that science excludes the belief in divine intervention. However, divine intervention is perfectly in agreement with the laws of nature and science. Accordingly, there is no reason to reject the Bible and traditional Christian doctrine. A new model of the coexistence of religious and secular discourses is revealed in this collection. Most of the existing papers focus on the problem of the relationship between church and state in the modern era. In this collection, different experiences are presented along with their significance for specific countries, mostly the Georgian experience on the issues of church and state relations. The role of the eligious leader in modern society is described, focusing on his spiritual mission in restoring, enhancing and developing traditional values in society. In particular, the role of His Holiness and Beatitude, the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Ilia II is examined for his multifaceted endeavors to strengthen Georgian society and develop traditional spiritual values after the perennial atheism. This collection is intended for readers interested in the problems of the main right of humanity, freedom of belief, in the modern global era and in the age of secularism. Today, there is a lack of spirituality around the world. Traditional spiritual values are inhibited; in many European countries, the activity of church figures is stalled, and people are not allowed to choose education based on traditional values. This causes great dissatisfaction in society, as it is believed that traditional spiritual values are the main markers of national identity, and their development and preservation are essential. Hence, this book will be of great interest for readers interested in the problems of spirituality in both Christian and non-Christian countries. It will be of interest for scholars, as well as for political figures who often encounter such problems in their activities"--

O (gramatičkom) licu se može govoriti na dva različita načina. Prvi, najčešći, način sastoji se u tome da se govornomu licu (ja, ego) dade središnje mjesto u proučavanju sistema ličnih zamjenica i ličnih glagolskih načina. To je sasvim razumljivo ako se uzme u obzir da sistem ličnih zamjenica ima zadatak da omogući i olakša međuljudsku komunikaciju u kojoj govorno lice igra najvažniju ulogu. Taj je sistem najkarakterističnije izražajno sredstvo komunikacijske funkcije jezika, funkcije koja se manifestira na razini govora — razini govorne realizacije — i izravno proizlazi iz odnosa čovjek-čovjek. Drugi način gledanja na gramatičko lice jest onaj koji daje prednost 3, licu, licu »o kojem se govori«. To poimanje lica proizlazi iz odnosa čovjek-univerzum, odnosa na kojem se gradi jezik kao sistem znakova koji organizira naše iskustvo o univerzumu, odakle proistječe kognitivna funkcija jezika. Danas je relativno lako dokazati da se ispod dijaloških lica (ja i ti) uvijek krije jedno treće lice. To pokazuju neka lingvistička zapažanja ali i književno-kritičke analize autobiografija. To treće lice, koje se krije u svim glagolskim (rednim) licima, odgovara imenskom licu, skrivenomu i neutraliziranom u supstantivu. Morfologija francuskog jezika otkriva tu činjenicu na neobično jasan način: Naime, član (le, la), koji je formalno obilježje gramatičkih osobina supstantiva, i zamjenica 3. lica (il) vuku svoje porijeklo iz istog latinskog izvora (ille, ilia, illud). Ta je činjenica vrlo važna ako se uzme u obzir da se glagol sa supstantivom uvijek slaže upravo u tom licu, te da je osnovna sintetička koneksija SN-SV još uvijek neobjašnjena. Po mišljenju autora, lice je nužni oslonac poimanja osnovnih jedinica jezika (supstantiv, glagol) i mjesto njihova susreta, kongruencije. Ono je također nužni oslonac gradnji osnovne govorne jedinice, rečenice, i okosnica mehanizma prijelaza iz govora u jezik. Tako je lice implicirano i u kognitivnoj i komunikacijskoj funkciji jezika.

Gender aspects continue to play an important role in science education, conditioning study choices or shaping beliefs about one's own capacities and those of others. Performing arts based initiatives are on the forefront of innovative science education approaches and have participatory, dialogic and dialectic qualities to engage students in democratic, inclusive and reflective ways of learning. Both these dimensions can be brought together in order to explore how arts-based science education can contribute to address gender bias and stereotypes in educational and team-collaborative settings.

The Kochubey family has left a significant mark on history, politics, and state reform. The article considers the representatives of the family as statesmen and literary characters of the works of Alexander Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy. Vasyl Kochubey, the protagonist of the poem "Poltava", provokes discussions about Pushkin's assessments of the events of the Great Northern War. However, the author of the poem was interested primarily in the psychological aspect of the character of a person who was captivated by parental feelings. The romanticized image of Kochubey is similar to the image of Mazepa from Byron's poem, also far from historical similarity. L. Tolstoy's novel depicts another well-known representative of the family, Viktor Pavlovich Kochubey, whose role in the work is significant not in the plot development, but ideologically - as an alternative to the Decembrist path of development of the Russian Empire. This is the hero who influenced the principles of Andrew Balkonsky, partially influenced the views of his son. The article suggests the absence of images of Dykan Kochubeys in the works of M. Gogol. The theme of historical and literary memory in the works of M. Gogol, who bypassed the silence of famous neighbors, is studied. The Kochubey family left a noticeable mark on Poltava land. Dykanka is still called Kochubeyivska, there is the Mykolayiv Church with a family crypt and an oak alley, which witnessed the love of Mazepa and Motri. ; Рід Кочубеїв залишив значний слід в історії, політиці, державному реформуванні. У статті розглянуто представників родини як літературних персонажів творів О. Пушкіна й Л. Толстого. Василь Кочубей, головний герой поеми О. Пушкіна «Полтава», викликає дискусії щодо історичних оцінок його діяльності. Проте автора цікавив передусім психологічний аспект характеру людини, що опинилася в полоні батьківських почуттів.Романтизований образ Кочубея схожий на образ Мазепи з поеми Дж. Байрона, також далекого від історичної подібності. У романі Л. Толстого зображений інший відомий представник роду, Віктор Павлович Кочубей, роль якого у творі значуща не в сюжетному розвитку, а в ідейному – як альтернатива декабристському шляху розвитку Російської імперії. Це той герой, який вплинув на принципи Андрія Болконського, частково – на погляди його сина. У статті висловлено припущення щодо відсутності образів диканських Кочубеїв у творчості М. Гоголя. Порушено тему історичної та літературної пам'яті у творчості М. Гоголя, який обійшов мовчанням іменитих сусідів.