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To report the updated prescription trend of antiglaucoma medications, the dose-based prescription of a glaucoma medication in Japan in the fiscal year 2019 was aggregated by using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open data. Of the 100 most frequently prescribed topical medications for outpatients from out-hospital pharmacies, 32 glaucoma medications were identified. This year, 150.8 million ml of glaucoma medications prescribed accounted for 12.3% of the total prescription dose (1.3 billion ml). The dose was the largest with prostaglandin FP(2α) agonist (PGF(2α)), followed by the fixed-dose combination (FDC) of β-blocker and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (β + CAI) and α(2)-agonist. Prescription doses peaked at 75–79 years old for all medication classes, except for prostaglandin EP(2) agonist of that peaked 10 years younger age class than other medications. The prescription dose was larger in women (55.3%) than men (44.7%), single medication formulation (71.2%) than FDC (28.8%), and brand-name (85.2%) than generic (14.8%). By multivariate analysis, prescription doses were affected by roles of the sex (p = 0.0066) and brand-name or generic (p = 0.032), but not by single medication formulation or FDC (p = 0.67); age was the most remarkable parameter for the difference in prescription dose (p < 0.0001). Dose-based anti-glaucoma medication prescription was analyzed using the government-provided most recent database on a national scale. The results provide the up-to-date real-world glaucoma medication prescriptions where the country has the highest aging rate in the world.

This article explores the reasons for adopting a particular interpretation of national identity and the dynamics of external and internal forces in determining a nation's 'ethical history'. The main analysis introduces conceptual innovations related to the problem of ethical cognition through which national identity is being determined based on cognitively unclarified determinants—in this study referred to as the EDCUD paradox. In this regard, the process of ethicization of national identity and the paradox of ethical cognition that emerges in the pursuit of its understanding has been identified as one of the main reasons behind the misuse of national identity in international relations. With that in mind, this study has attempted to create a theoretical setting that would help the analysis of individual cases of national identity in further research.

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Palestinian popular music is usually researched through two frameworks: as folkloric identity or resistance to Israeli occupation. This paper stretches beyond these theoretical straitjackets. Based on two-years of qualitative fieldwork in Ramallah and Haifa, it explores how DJs and partygoers negotiate 'everyday' power through popular culture. It argues that dancefloors create semi-public spaces where young adults rehearse unconventional identities. Dress and dance assert femininities, masculinities, and queer subjectivities centred on pleasure, joy, and fun. Audience spaces are important sites of identity formation and negotiation. However, since such subjectivities are forged through consumption, youth require money (for clothes, tickets, time) to participate. Undoing gender and sexuality codes therefore relies on class-based hierarchies. Tracing identity embodiments on dancefloors reveal neither dissent nor acquiescence to hegemonic controls. Rather, as class structures cement, gender and sexuality modes shift (which instantiates novel controls). While scholarship tends to link music to resistance in Palestine, gender performances on dancefloors yield nuanced insights into power, play, and social (re)imagination. This, I argue, underscores the pressing need to approach popular culture in MENA and elsewhere beyond the now overdetermined resistance/compliance binary.

This article quantitatively and qualitatively evaluates references to women's football in Colombia in presidential discourse and Twitter posts during the presidency of Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018). Using critical discourse analysis of presidential discourse, it compares representations and messages around the respective Colombian men's and women's national football teams in relation to Santos' national unity project. Although football in Colombia was understood by the Santos government to have powerful unifying and transformative potential, this article questions whether this potential is limited to the male game and the extent to which women's football contributed to Santos' sporting nationalism strategy. Could women's football also represent the "national us" and the "New Colombia" so frequently mentioned in presidential rhetoric?