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Alors que la loi générale de l'église imposait des limitations à la possibilité de produire un héritier par son opposition à la polygamie et au divorce suivi de remariage et en imposant une importante restriction à l'endogamie, ces mêmes limitations s'étaient dévelopées dans le contexte du mariage – un soucis majeur de l'église – plutôt que dans celui de la famille. A partir d'autres points de vue, les canonistes essayaient d'aider la continuation de la famille par leur soutien de la légitimation. On ne rencontre aucune opposition à l'adoption dans la loi générale de l'Eglise: elle présume l'adoption. L'article suggère que dans la recherche de facteurs qui ont contribué à façonner la famille européenne, il faudrait porter plus d'intérêt au rôle joué par l'Eglise dans l'accentuation croissante du droit de l'individu d'opter pour le célibat ou pour le mariage, et dans ce dernier cas, le droit de choisir un(e) conjoint(e)

Abstract. Over the last 10 years, 10 million jobs have been lost and millions of dollars in capital rendered unproductive from plant closings in New England and the Upper Midwest. Some were weeded out by the discipline of the market but most were moving to cut labor costs and claim subsidies from governments seeking to expand local job opportunities. And some were using the threat of closing to exact concessions from labor and government. In some cases it is possible for municipal governments to buy or condemn the plant and operate it as a public enterprise; municipal operation is often more efficient and productive. Municipally owned and operated public enterprise should command serious consideration, as an option like cooperative ownership.

Abstract. Increasing automobile traffic congestion and longer trip times on interurban trolley lines in southern California after the second world war led to the contruction of freeways. The trolleys were denied access and the efficient electric railway system was sold to bus lines, partly as a result of a conspiracy between bus manufacturers, tiremakers, and oil companies. This producecl "the golden age of land speculation" in the region. Floodplains, earthquake zones, blowsand areas and the tops and sides of crumbling cliffs were dotted with sprawled residential developments. The energy crisis of 1973, produced by the oil companies and the Arab oil cartel, turned boom into bust. As inflation and rising taxes produced by soaring property values put intolerable pressure on urban homeowners, they forced legislators to limit increases in assessed values and to restrict government spending. Now the public is challenged to produce order out of fiscal chaos and speculative ruin.

Abstract. Southern California's transporation system was subjected to speculative manipulation from the time of the railroads, through the period of the electric interurban trolleys and the rise of the automobile up until the energy crisis of the 1970s. The dominant underlying force in each period is shown to have been combinations of developer‐speculators and local politicians. These groups, motivated by a desire for rapid development for speculative reasons, were able to exercise effective control over the provision of major infrastructural improimnents The argument is made that such control, and the developmental pattern resulting from it, can never be in the public interest.

This edited volume analyses a number of controversial policies and strategies relating to Space activities, and to place these in a broader theoretical perspective. The book reveals the relationship between activities in Outer Space and terrestrial international relations.

Fotios Moustakis is a research fellow at the Scottish Centre for International Security, Department of Politics and International Relations,University of Aberdeen, UK.
Michael Sheehan is director of the Scottish Centre for International Security.